Chapter 6 Flashcards
Which of the following is Not releases with complete combustion of a material
Hydrogen cyanide
Which sets the stage for understanding the amount of fuels that are off gassing in a given space
Smoke volume
What is turbulent smoke that has filled a compartment a sign of
Flashover
Which is true about turbulent smoke
it is caused by serious heat
What tells you how much fuel is laden in the smoke
Density
What is the collective flammable range in air of gases typically found in smoke
1% to 74%
What color will ash add to the smoke
White
How many phases will the fire go through that is ventilation controlled
Six
Where does flame spread when the smoke has pressurized a room
With the smoke flow
Where does flame spread when the smoke has pressurized a room
With the smoke flow
In what timeframe does the backdraft occur after introduction of air
Instantaneous
What warning sign is present if there is brown smoke from structural spaces of a lightweight wooden building
Collapse
Which hostile fire event has a warning sign of exhaust flow paths that intermittently puff or try to suck air
Explosive growth phase
What growth phase of the ventilation controlled fire is also been labeled the fuel controlled phase
Initial growth phase
What color smoke is seen before a backdraft occurs
Yellowish gray
Which is seen as warning sign of a flam-over
Increase in smoke speed
What should be looked at when trying to determine if white/grey smoke is from early stage heating or late stage heating
Veleocity
Which typically occur in a trapped smoke area away from the fire
Smoke explosion
What is the first step taken when reading smoke
View the smoke VVDC
What is the breaking down compounds into other substances during pyrolysis
Heat
What is the explosive growth phase a combination of
Flashover and Flame over
What phase occurs immediately after the ventilation limited phases
Explosive growth phase
What color smoke is seen with almost all materials when they start smoking
White
After what amount of time during a PPA should fire behavior and smoke flow increase at the exhaust opening
One minute
How many of the four attributes of smoke must be changing for the ISO to deem firefighting efforts successful
Four
What should happen to smoke when rather is cold and humid
Sink and remain dense
What is seen as the intermittent ignition of small pockets of smoke
Ghosting
What is a suspended or propelled liquid in smoke
Aerosol
Why does smoke rise
Due to heat
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Self ignition Temp= 1,128F
Flammable Range= 12-74%
CO is considered a gas only and therefore doesn’t have flashpoint
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
Flashpoint=0F(-18C)
Self ignition Temp= 1,000F
Flammable Range= 5-40%
HCN is produced when high temperatures break down nitrogen containing products. HCN is quite flammable and is considered extremely toxic
Benzene (C6H6)
Flashpoint= 12F
Self ignition Temp= 928F
Flammable Range= 1-8%
Most plastics release benzene while burning or pyrolyizing. Benzene is also a common product from the burning of fuels oils
Acrolein (C3H4O)
Flashpoint= -15F
Self ignition Temp= 450F
Flammable Range= 3-31%
Acrolein is a by product from the incomplete combustion of wood, wood products and the cellulosic materials. “poly plastics” can also render acrolein
Turbulent smoke that fills a box
Warning sign of impending flashover
Thick, black, fast smoke
Close to the seat of the fire, super hot smoke capable of instant ignition may be a ventilation limited fire that needs air
Thin, black, fast smoke
Flame pushed smoke, fire nearby that is well ventilated
Dirty white smoke with velocity
Heat pushed smoke that has traveled a distance or has had the carbon/hydrocarbon filtered (like smoke through a crack)
Same color (white/grey) of smoke and same velocity from multiple openings
Deep-Seeded fire, possibly located well within a building or in combustible voids and concealed spaces
Low volume white smoke and same velocity from multiple openings
Working fire deep within
Browns smoke
Unfinished wood reaching late heating(can support flame) usually a sign that a contents fire is transitioning into a structure fire, when coming from a structural spaces of lightweight wood structures, a warning sign of collapse
Yellowish grey smoke from cracks or seams
Sulfur compounds: a warning sign of impending backdraft
