Chapter 6 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Is it true or false that decision making, making judgements, or forcing opinions requires a a minimum amount of confidence that the decision is right and appropriate?
True
We could devote energy to the decision making process indefinitely?
True
The time available for decision making is usually always accessible?
False (usually limited)
At some point we must stop the search for information and make a decision?
True
We tend to make better decisions if we have good information?
True
Gathering information takes time and effort away from other actions?
True
The motivation to stop acquiring information and make a decision is provided by a for?
Need for Closure (NFC)
What is defined as a desire for a definite answer to a question, as opposed to uncertainty, confusion, or ambiguity?
Need for Closure (NFC)
Motivation for Closure operates along a continuum from a strong NFC and at the other end with a strong need to?
Avoid Closure
Is it true that NFC decreases when there is a perceived benefit for Closure?
False (increases)
What two things may affect NFC?
Situation and differences
Situations that increase NFC are deadlines or time pressure, with resources must be allocated elsewhere, when significant others value having a decision made, when a decision is required and anytime information processing is difficult or unpleasant such as loud environment, thinker is tired or fatigued, thinker is intoxicated or task is dull
True
The NFC may be lowered when the situation highlights the costs of closure and the benefits of openness such as?
Fear of invalidity and concerns about committing costly error of judgement
Can situations that increase NFC exist at the same time as situation that reduce NFC?
Yes
What kind of differences are these? People differ in their need for Closure, it is presumed that need for Closure is a stable personality trait, other people have great difficulty forming opinions, and these differences come from culture and personal socialization
Individual differences
What was developed to measure individual differences in NFC?
NFC Scale
Is it true or false that statistics have broken the possible results down according to five factors?
True
Is it true that the NFCS has been translated into several different languages and that the NFCS has been found to be valid across cultures?
True
What is the tendency to seize on Closure quickly and any delay in Closure is experienced as unpleasant?
Urgency Tendency
What is the desire to keep a state of Closure? They try to freeze or preserve past knowledge or try to safeguard future knowledge?
Permanence Tendency
Is it true or false that the higher the NFC, the less information people will seek before making a decision or judgement or forming an opinion?
True
Is it true or false that the more hypothesis a person considers the less confident they are in their judgement and the fewer hypothesis a person considers, the more certain they are of their judgement? And what is it called?
True and it is called subjective confidence
With heightened NFC, people are more likely to seize on early cues in judgement making? And what is it called?
True and Cue Utilization
What is the tendency to base one’s social impressions on early information about that person, to the relative neglect of subsequent, equally relevant information? And it is similar to a first impression and have been found to be stronger when situational or individual factors favor NFC?
Primacy