Chapter 6

Question 1

The right to self determination

Answer 1

Autonomy

Question 2

The duty to do good

Answer 2

Beneficence

Question 3

A person’s words or actions that indicate he/she lacks good intentions towards another

Answer 3

Betrayal

Question 4

A subdiscipline of applied ethics that studies questions surrounding biology, medicine, and the health professions

Answer 4

Bioethics

Question 5

Brief excursions from an established boundary for a therapeutic purpose

Answer 5

Boundary crossing

Question 6

A deviation from the established boundary in the healthcare provider and client relationship where the healthcare provider’s needs and the client’s needs are confused

Answer 6

Boundary violation

Question 7

Guidelines for behavior specific to a moral framework for professional practice

Answer 7

Code of ethics

Question 8

The sum total of individual and collective experience, knowledge, and good sense

Answer 8

Collective ethical wisdom

Question 9

A problem that confronts one, with a choice of solutions that seem or are equally unfavorable

Answer 9

Ethical dilemma

Question 10

The subtle, even unnoticed, slippage of ethical standards

Answer 10

Ethical erosion

Question 11

A process that obscures the ethical dimensions of a decision

Answer 11

Ethical fading

Question 12

The philosophical study of right action and wrong action, also known as morality

Answer 12

Ethics

Question 13

A recently developed moral theory based on insights of Gilligan that rejects the traditional male-centered ethics that focused on rationality, individuality, and abstract principles in favor of emotion, caring relationships, and concrete situations

Answer 13

Ethics of care

Question 14

Duty to keep one’s promise

Answer 14

Fidelity

Question 15

Supports and promotes patients’ healthcare rights and enhances community health and policy initiatives that focus on the availability, safety, and quality of care

Answer 15

Health advocacy

Question 16

the elimination of arbitrary distinctions and the establishment of a structure of practice with a proper share, balance, or equilibrium among competing claims

Answer 16

Justice

Question 17

Care at the end of life for which there is little hope of benefit

Answer 17

Medical futility

Question 18

The process in which an individual tries to determine the difference between what is right and what is wrong in a personal situation by using logic

Answer 18

Moral reasoning

Question 19

Designates the conventional beliefs of a particular society

Answer 19

Morality

Question 20

Duty to do no harm

Answer 20

Nonmaleficence

Question 21

The means of producing stronger, sustainable performance through ethical pathways consistent with the vision, mission, and values of the organization

Answer 21

Organizational integrity

Question 22

A state of wholeness and peace experienced when our goals, actions, and decisions are consistent with out most cherished values

Answer 22

Personal Integrity

Question 23

An American school of philosophy that rejects the esoteric metaphysics of traditional European academic philosophy in favor of more concrete questions and answers

Answer 23

Pragmatism

Question 24

Guideline derived from philosophical perspectives

Answer 24

Principle

Question 25

The limits of the professional relationship that allow for a safe therapeutic connection between the healthcare provider and the client

Answer 25

Professional boundary

Question 26

When a person knows what is right doesn't want to do it

Answer 26

Rationalization

Question 27

Those choices that conform to ethical norms or principles

Answer 27

Right choices

Question 28

The degree to which one can be relied upon without surveillance by the observer

Answer 28

Trust

Question 29

The principle of utility or the greatest happiness principle

Answer 29

Utilitarianism

Question 30

Truth telling, or the duty to tell the truth

Answer 30

Veracity

Question 31

Action taking by a person who goes outside the organization for the public's best interest when the organization is unresponsive after the danger is reported through proper organizational channels

Answer 31

Whistle-blowing

Question 32

Sources of ethical dilemmas:

Answer 32

Values, communication, diversity, legislation, nurses, patients, organizational differences

Question 33

Nurse-nurse ethical dilemmas

Answer 33

- nurses espousing different standards of practice - guidelines to reporting unprofessional and unsafe behaviors - substance use disorders

Question 34

Nurse-patient dilemmas

Answer 34

- decision making authority - pain management - dying process futile care - patient privacy - communication among providers - patient restraint - technology issues (alarms)

Question 35

Nurse-organization dilemmas

Answer 35

- lack of congruency among nurse values, individual patient needs, and the demands of the organization - management of errors - staffing adequacy - documentation technology

Question 36

Strategies to address ethical issues:

Answer 36

- Self-knowledge specific to ethical concepts, issues, and resolutions - Demonstrating moral courage - Clarity of one's professional role - Trust building: being able to communicate openly and honestly with colleagues, patients, and families - Managing practice breakdown errors: disruption or absence of any of the aspects of good practice