Chapter 6 Flashcards
Spindle fibers shorten, pulling the sister chromatids toward the opposite poles of the cell.
Anaphase
All of the stages that a cell goes through make up the
Cell Cycle
As a cell prepares to divide, its DNA first forms one or more structures called
Chromosome
The cell wall grows toward the center of the cell. The cytoplasm splits apart, and the cell pinches in two. This is called
Cytokinesis
The process in which DNA is copied is called
DNA Replication
longer than mitotic phase
Interphase
Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the sister chromatids
Metaphase
division of the nucleus
Mitosis
Chromosomes form, and the nuclear membrane breaks down.
Prophase
The chromosomes uncoil, and the spindle fibers break down.
Telophase
A kind of asexual reproduction.
Binary Fission
It is a very large molecule. It consists of two strands of smaller molecules called nucleotides.
DNA
Cells divide
Cell Division
simpler than sexual reproduction. It involves just one parent.
Asexual Reproduction
Contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
Diploid
A gamete produced by a female parent is generally called an
Egg
The union of the two gametes is called
Fertilization
Special cells called
Gamete
having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
Haploid
The two members of a given pair of chromosomes are called
Homologous Chromosomes
is a special type of cell division
Meiosis
is more complicated. It involves two parents.
Sexual Reproduction
A gamete produced by a male parent is usually called a
Sperm
The initial cell that forms when two gametes unite is called a
Zygote
a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.
Codon
the nucleotide triplets of DNA and RNA molecules that carry genetic information in living cells.
Genetic Code
an agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, that causes genetic mutation.
Mutagen
the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.
Mutation
is the process by which the genetic code puts together proteins in the cell.
Protein Synthesis
stands for ribonucleic acid. Smaller than DNA.
RNA
the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA
Transcription
is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.
Translation
