Chapter 6

Question 1

Spindle fibers shorten, pulling the sister chromatids toward the opposite poles of the cell.

Answer 1

Anaphase

Question 2

All of the stages that a cell goes through make up the

Answer 2

Cell Cycle

Question 3

As a cell prepares to divide, its DNA first forms one or more structures called

Answer 3

Chromosome

Question 4

The cell wall grows toward the center of the cell. The cytoplasm splits apart, and the cell pinches in two. This is called

Answer 4

Cytokinesis

Question 5

The process in which DNA is copied is called

Answer 5

DNA Replication

Question 6

longer than mitotic phase

Answer 6

Interphase

Question 7

Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the sister chromatids

Answer 7

Metaphase

Question 8

division of the nucleus

Answer 8

Mitosis

Question 9

Chromosomes form, and the nuclear membrane breaks down.

Answer 9

Prophase

Question 10

The chromosomes uncoil, and the spindle fibers break down.

Answer 10

Telophase

Question 11

A kind of asexual reproduction.

Answer 11

Binary Fission

Question 12

It is a very large molecule. It consists of two strands of smaller molecules called nucleotides.

Answer 12

DNA

Question 13

Cells divide

Answer 13

Cell Division

Question 14

simpler than sexual reproduction. It involves just one parent.

Answer 14

Asexual Reproduction

Question 15

Contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Answer 15

Diploid

Question 16

A gamete produced by a female parent is generally called an

Answer 16

Egg

Question 17

The union of the two gametes is called

Answer 17

Fertilization

Question 18

Special cells called

Answer 18

Gamete

Question 19

having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Answer 19

Haploid

Question 20

The two members of a given pair of chromosomes are called

Answer 20

Homologous Chromosomes

Question 21

is a special type of cell division

Answer 21

Meiosis

Question 22

is more complicated. It involves two parents.

Answer 22

Sexual Reproduction

Question 23

A gamete produced by a male parent is usually called a

Answer 23

Sperm

Question 24

The initial cell that forms when two gametes unite is called a

Answer 24

Zygote

Question 25

a sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.

Answer 25

Codon

Question 26

the nucleotide triplets of DNA and RNA molecules that carry genetic information in living cells.

Answer 26

Genetic Code

Question 27

an agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, that causes genetic mutation.

Answer 27

Mutagen

Question 28

the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.

Answer 28

Mutation

Question 29

is the process by which the genetic code puts together proteins in the cell.

Answer 29

Protein Synthesis

Question 30

stands for ribonucleic acid. Smaller than DNA.

Answer 30

RNA

Question 31

the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA

Answer 31

Transcription

Question 32

is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.

Answer 32

Translation