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MedTerm Ch. 6 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Kidneys

A

Two bean shaped organs located on each side of the vertrebal column. Function: to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balances.

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2
Q

nephron

A

urine-producing microscopic structure. Aprx 1 million nephrons in each kidney.

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3
Q

glomerulus (pl. glomeruli)

A

cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. The process for filtering the blood, thereby forming urine, begins here.

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4
Q

renal pelvis

A

funnel shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter.

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5
Q

hilum

A

indention on the medial side of the kidney where the ureter leaves the kidney.

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6
Q

ureters

A

two slender tubes, approx 10-13 inches long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder.

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7
Q

urinary bladder

A

muscular, hollow organ that temp. holds the urine.

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8
Q

urethra

A

lowest part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. (1.5 inches for W, 8 inches for M)

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9
Q

urinary meatus

A

opening through which the urine passes to the outside.

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10
Q

cyst/o, vesic/o

A

bladder, sac (note, these refer to the urinary bladder unless otherwise identified)

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11
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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12
Q

meat/o

A

meatus (opening)

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13
Q

nephr/o, ren/o

A

kidney

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14
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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15
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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16
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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17
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin

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18
Q

azot/o

A

urea, nitrogen

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19
Q

blast/o

A

developing cell, germ cell

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20
Q

glyc/o, glycos/o

A

sugar

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21
Q

hydr/o

A

water

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22
Q

lith/o

A

stone, calculus

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23
Q

noct/i

A

night

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24
Q

olig/o

A

scanty,few

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25
Q

son/o

A

sound

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26
Q

tom/o

A

cut, section

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27
Q

urin/o, ur/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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28
Q

-gram

A

record, radiographic image

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29
Q

-iasis, -esis

A

condition

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30
Q

-lysis

A

loosening, dissolution, separating

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31
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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32
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping, sagging, prolapse

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33
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suturing, repairing

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34
Q

-tripsy

A

surgical crushing

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35
Q

-trophy

A

nourishment, development

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36
Q

-uria

A

urine, urination

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37
Q

azotemia

A

condition of urea in the blood (a toxic condition resulting from disease of the kidney in which waste products are in the blood that are normally excreted by the kidney)

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38
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

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39
Q

cystocele

A

protrusion of the bladder

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40
Q

cystolith

A

stone in the bladder

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41
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney

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42
Q

hydronephrosis

A

abnormal condition of water in the kidney (because of an obstruction)

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43
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of a kidney

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44
Q

nephroblastoma

A

kidney tumor containing developing cells (malignant)

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45
Q

nephrohypertrophy

A

excessive development (increase in size) of the kidney

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46
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

condition of stone(s) in the kidney

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47
Q

nephroma

A

tumor of the kidney

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48
Q

nephromegaly

A

enlargement of a kidney

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49
Q

nephroptosis

A

drooping kidney

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50
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

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51
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney

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52
Q

ureteritis

A

inflammation of a ureter

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53
Q

ureterocele

A

protrusion of a ureter (distally into the bladder)

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54
Q

ureterolithiasis

A

condition of stones in the ureters

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55
Q

ureterostenosis

A

narrowing of the ureter

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56
Q

urethrocystitis

A

inflammation of the urethra and the bladder

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57
Q

epispadias

A

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis.

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58
Q

hypospadias

A

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis; a similar defect can occur in the female.

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59
Q

polycysitic kidney disease

A

condition in which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged

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60
Q

renal calculus (pl. calculi)

A

stone in the kidney

61
Q

renal failure

A

loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance.

62
Q

renal hypertension

A

elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

63
Q

urinary retention

A

abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate

64
Q

urinary suppression

A

sudden stoppage of urine formation

65
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract.

66
Q

cystectomy

A

excision of the bladder

67
Q

cystolithotomy

A

incision of the bladder to remove a stone

68
Q

cystorrhaphy

A

suturing of the bladder

69
Q

cystostomy

A

creating an artificial opening into the bladder

70
Q

cystotomy, vesicotomy

A

incision of the bladder

71
Q

lithotripsy

A

surgical crushing of a stone

72
Q

meatotomy

A

incision of the meatus (to enlarge it)

73
Q

nephrectomy

A

excision of a kidney

74
Q

nephrolithotomy

A

incision of the kidney to remove a stone

75
Q

nephrolithotripsy

A

surgical crushing of a stone in the kidney

76
Q

nephrolysis

A

separating the kidney (from other body structures)

77
Q

nephropexy

A

surgical fixation of the kidney

78
Q

nephrostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the kidney

79
Q

pyelolithotomy

A

incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone

80
Q

pyeloplasty

A

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

81
Q

ureterectomy

A

excision of a ureter

82
Q

ureterostomy

A

creation of an artificial opening into the ureter

83
Q

urethroplasty

A

surgical repair of the urethra

84
Q

vesicourethral suspension

A

suspension pertaining to the bladder and urethra

85
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

a noninvasive treatment for removal of kidney stones or ureteral stones by using ultrasound and fluoroscopic imaging and repeated shock waves.

86
Q

fulguration

A

destruction of living tissue with and electric spark (a method commonly used to destroy bladder growths)

87
Q

renal transplant

A

surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace a nonfunctioning kidney.

88
Q

cystogram

A

radiographic image of the bladder

89
Q

cystography

A

radiographic imagING of the bladder

90
Q

intravenous urogram (IVU)

A

radiographic image of the urinary tract (with contrast medium injected intravenously) (also called intravenous pyelogram, IVP)

91
Q

nephrogram

A

radiographic image of the kidney

92
Q

nephrography

A

radiographic imaging of the kidney (also called renogram)

93
Q

nephrosonography

A

process of recording the kidney using sound (an ultrasound test)

94
Q

nephrotomogram

A

sectional radiographic image of the kidney

95
Q

retrograde urogram

A

radiographic image of the urinary tract

96
Q

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

A

radiographic imaging of the bladder and the urethra

97
Q

cytoscope

A

instrament used for visual examination of the bladder

98
Q

cystoscopy

A

visual examination of the bladder

99
Q

nephroscopy

A

visual examination of the kidney

100
Q

ureteroscopy

A

visual examination of the ureter

101
Q

urethroscope

A

instrument used for visual examination of the urethra

102
Q

KUB (kidney, ureter, and bladder)

A

a simple radiographic image of the abdomen.

103
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

a blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood; used to determine kidney function. An increased BUN indicates renal dysfunction.

104
Q

creatinine

A

a blood test that measures the amount of creatinine in the blood. An elevated amount may indicate impaired kidney function.

105
Q

specific gravity (SG)

A

a test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating of diluting ability of the kidneys.

106
Q

urinalysis (UA)

A

multiple routin tests performed on a urine specimen.

107
Q

albuminuria

A

albumin in the urine

108
Q

anuria

A

absence of urine (failure of the kidney to produce urine)

109
Q

diuresis

A

condition of urine passing though (increased amount of urine)

110
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination

111
Q

glycosuria

A

sugar (glucose) in the urine

112
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

113
Q

meatal

A

pertaining to the meatus

114
Q

nephrologist

A

a physician who studies and treats diseases of the kidneys

115
Q

nephrology

A

study of the kidneys (diseases of the kidneys)

116
Q

nocturia

A

night urination

117
Q

oliguria

A

scanty urine (amount)

118
Q

polyuria

A

much (excessive) urine

119
Q

pyuria

A

pus in the urine

120
Q

urinary

A

pertaining to urine

121
Q

urologist

A

a physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract.

122
Q

urology

A

study of the urinary tract (branch of medicine dealing with diseases of such nature)

123
Q

catheter (cath)

A

flexible, tubelike device for withdrawing or instilling fluids.

124
Q

distended

A

stretched out (a bladder is distended when filled with urine)

125
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary urination

126
Q

hemodialysis (HD)

A

procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so

127
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control bladder and/or bowels

128
Q

micturate

A

to urinate or void

129
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

procedure for removing toxic waste when the kidneys are unable to do so

130
Q

stricture

A

abnormal narrowing, such as a urethral stricture

131
Q

urinal

A

receptacle for urine

132
Q

urinary catheterization

A

passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine

133
Q

urodynamics

A

pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary tract

134
Q

void

A

to empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine.

135
Q

ARF

A

acute renal failure

136
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

137
Q

cath

A

catherterization, catheter

138
Q

CRF

A

chronic renal failure

139
Q

ESRD

A

end-stage renal disease

140
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

141
Q

HD

A

hemodialysis

142
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

143
Q

IVU

A

intravenous urogram

144
Q

OAB

A

overactive bladder

145
Q

SG

A

specific gravity

146
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

147
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

148
Q

VCUG

A

voiding cystourethrogram

MedTerm Ch. 6 (1 decks)

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