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Psychology Exam 2 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Unconditioned Stimulus

A

a stimulus that evokes a unconditioned response without previous conditions

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2
Q

Unconditioned Response

A

an unlearned action to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning

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3
Q

Conditioned Stimulus

A

previously neutral stimulus that has, through classical conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response

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4
Q

Conditioned Response

A

is a learned response

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5
Q

Acquisition

A

refers to the initial stage of learning a new response tendency

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6
Q

Extinction

A

the gradual weakening and disappearance of a conditioned response tendency

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7
Q

Stimulus Discrimination

A

occurs when an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus does not respond in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to the original

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8
Q

Stimulus Generalization

A

occurs when an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus responds in the same way to a new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus

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9
Q

how to know its Positive Reinforcement

A

response gets strengthened and is followed by a rewarding stimulius

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10
Q

how to know its Negative Reinforcement

A

response is strengthened because it is followed by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus , Feeling of relief

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11
Q

how to know its positive punishment

A

add something to decrease a behavior

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12
Q

how to know its negative punishment

A

take away something away to decrease behavior

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13
Q

this decreases a behavior

A

punishment

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14
Q

this increases a behavior

A

reinforcement

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15
Q

ex) hitting a child for bad behavior

A

positive punishment

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16
Q

ex) getting good grades for studying

A

positive reinforcement

17
Q

ex) taking away teen’s car for missing curfew

A

negative punishment

18
Q

ex) turning off alarm clock

A

negative reinforcement

19
Q

shaping

A

operant conditioning until you get the desired response

20
Q

preparedness

A

species-specific predispositions to be cobnditioned in certain ways and not others. ex) human phobias of snakes

21
Q

True or False:

“Reinforcement is typically more effective to create behavior change than punishment is

A

True

22
Q

fixed ratio schedule

A

the reinforcer is given after a fixed number of non reinforced responses

23
Q

fixed interval schedule

A

the reinforcer is given for the first response that occurs after a fixed time interval has elapsed

24
Q

variable ratio schedule

A

the reinforcer is given after a variable number of non reinforced responses

25
Q

variable interval schedule

A

the reinforcer is given for the first response after a variable time interval has elapsed

26
Q

ex) a rat is reinforced for the first lever presss after 1 minute interval has elapsed but the following intervals are 3 min, 2 min, 4 min, and so on (average length of 2 min)

A

variable interval schedule

27
Q

ex) a salesperson receives a bonus for every fourth gym membership sold

A

fixed ratio schedule

28
Q

ex) students earn grades by taking exams every three weeks

A

fixed interval schedule

29
Q

ex) a slot machine in a casino pays off once every six tries on average. The number of nonwinning responses between payoffs varies greatly from on time to the next

A

variable ratio schedule

30
Q

True or False: “intermittent reinforcement schedules are more effective than continuous reinforcement”

A

true

31
Q

what is Bandura’s theory of Observational learning

A

occurs when an organism’s responding is influenced by the observation of others, who are called models

32
Q

who came up with Operant Conditioning

A

B.F. Skinner

33
Q

Pavlov cames up with this

A

Classical Conditioning

Psychology Exam 2 (3 decks)

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