Chapter 6

Question 1

the study of earthquakes

Answer 1

seismology

Question 2

the bending, tilting, and breaking of the Earth’s crust; the change in the shape of rock in response to stress

Answer 2

deformation

Question 3

the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape

Answer 3

elastic rebound

Question 4

a wave of energy that travels through Earth, away from an earthquake in all directions

Answer 4

seismic wave

Question 5

a seismic wave that causes particals of rock to move in a back and forth motion

Answer 5

P wave

Question 6

a seismic wave that causes particals of rock to move in a side to side motion

Answer 6

S wave

Question 7

an instrument that records vibrations in the ground and determines the location and strength of an earthquake

Answer 7

seismograph

Question 8

a tracing of earthquake motion that is created by a seismograph

Answer 8

seismogram

Question 9

the point on the Earth’s surface directly above an earthquakes starting point or epicenter

Answer 9

epicenter

Question 10

the point along the fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs

Answer 10

focus

Question 11

a hypothesis that is based on the idea that a major earthquake is more likely to occur along the part of an active fault where no earthquakes have occurred for a certain period of time

Answer 11

gap hypothesis

Question 12

an area along a fault where reality few earthquakes have occurred recently but where strong earthquakes have occurred in the past

Answer 12

seismic gap