chapter 6

Question 1

beneficence

Answer 1

ethical principle stating that one should do good and prevent or avoid harm

Question 2

bioethics

Answer 2

branch of ethics that applies the knowledge and processes of ethics to the examination of ethical problems in health care

Question 3

communitarianism

Answer 3

the foundation of ethics is derived from communal goals and values, directed toward the common good.

Question 4

code of ethics

Answer 4

moral standards that delineate a profession’s values, goals, and obligations

Question 5

consequentialism

Answer 5

ethical decisions based on consequences or outcomes

Question 6

deontology

Answer 6

bases moral obligation on DUTY and claims that actions are obligatory irrespective of the good or bad consequences they produce. b.c human beings are rational, they have absolute value. Persons should be treated as an ends in of themselves and not as a means

Question 7

distributive justice

Answer 7

requires that there be a fair distribution of the benefits and burdens on society based on the needs and contributions of its members. society must determine a minimum level of goods and services available to its members.

Question 8

ethical decision making

Answer 8

components of ethics that focuses on how the decisions are made in an orderly process

Question 9

ethical dilemmas

Answer 9

puzzling moral problems in which a person, group, or community can envision morally justified reasons for both taking and not taking a certain course of action

Question 10

ethical issues

Answer 10

moral challenges facing oneself or one’s profession

Question 11

ethics

Answer 11

philosophy that includes both a body of knowledge about the moral life and a process of reflection for determining the morally correct response to challenges throughout life

Question 12

feminine ethic

Answer 12

a referral to the components of an ethic of care that are associated with the female gender

Question 13

feminists ethics

Answer 13

encompasses the tenets that women’s thinking and moral experiences are important and should be taken into account in any fully developed moral theory and that the oppression of women is morally wrong

Question 14

feminists

Answer 14

women and men who hold a worldview advocating economic, social ,and political equality for woman and that is equivalent to men

Question 15

moral distress

Answer 15

when a person is unable to act in a way that he thinks is right

Question 16

morality

Answer 16

shared and generational societal norms about what constitutes right and wrong conduct

Question 17

nonmaleficence

Answer 17

doing no harm

Question 18

policy development

Answer 18

developing the policies that support the health of the population including the use of the scientific knowledge base in making decisions about policies

Question 19

principilsm

Answer 19

approach to a problem solving in bioethics that uses the principles of respect of autonomy, beneficence, nonmalific, and justice as the basis for organizations and analysis

Question 20

respect for autonomy

Answer 20

human dignity and respect for individuals, autonomy, requires that people be permitted to choose those actions and goals that fulfill their life plans unless those choices result in harm to another

Question 21

utilitarianism

Answer 21

ethical theory based on the weighing of morally significant outcomes or consequences regarding the overall maximizing of good and minimizing of harm for the greatest number of people

Question 22

virtue ethics

Answer 22

ethical approach that is concerned with those positive aspects of a person’s character that would enable that person to flourish- focuses on the question “what kind of person should i be?”