Chapter 6 Flashcards
Crude birth rate (birth rate)
The number of live births per 1,000
people in a population in a given year.
Crude death rate (death rate)
The number of deaths per
1,000 people in a population in a given year.
Population change
We can calculate the population change of
an area by subtracting the number of people leaving a population (through death and emigration) from the number entering it (through birth and immigration) during a specified period of time (usually one year).
Fertility rate
Another measurement used in population studies is the fertility rate, the number of children born to a woman during her lifetime.
Replacement-level fertility rate
The first type, called the replacement-level fertility rate, is the average number of children that couples in a population must bear to replace themselves.
Total fertility rate (TFR)
The second type of fertility rate, the total fertility rate (TFR), is the average number of children born to women in a population during their reproductive years.
Life expectancy
The average number of years a newborn infant can be expected to live.
Infant mortality rate
The number of babies out of every 1,000 born who die before their first
birthday
Migration
The movement of people into (immigration) and out of (emigration) specific geographic areas.
Age structure
The numbers or percentages of males and females in young, middle, and older age groups in that population.
Demographic transition
As countries become industrialized and economically developed, first their death rates decline and then their birth rates decline.
Family planning
Provides educational and clinical
services that help couples choose how many children to have and when to have them.
Cultural carrying capacity
This would be the maximum number of people who could live in reasonable freedom and comfort indefinitely, without decreasing the ability of the earth to sustain future generations.
