Chapter 6 Flashcards
A vascular cartilage
Not able to heal itself when mature
Chondrocytes
Surrounded by matrix, live in space called lacunae
Hyaline cartilage
Most common, weakest form, provides support through flexibility, forms majority of fetal system
Located:
Joints, nose, trachea, larynx, costal cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Very durable, shock absorber
Location: intervertebral discs, public symphysis, menisci
Elastic cartilage
Resilient and flexible
Location: epiglottis, external ear
Functions of cartilage
Supports soft tissue and articulations, precursor model for bone growth
Bones
Contain four types of tissue but primarily connective, extra cellular matrix is sturdy and rigid, strengthened by calcification
Long bones
Greater length than width
Examples: humerus, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula
Short bones
Nearly equal width and length
Example: carpals, tarsals
Flat bones
Thin surfaces
Example: frontal, occipital, ribs, sternum
Irregular bones
Complex shapes
Example: vertebrae, pelvic bones
Sesamoid bones
Embedded in tendon
Examples: patella, under big toe
Diaphysis
Shaft of long bone
Medullary/ marrow cavity
Contains marrow, inside diaphysis
Endosteum
Thin layer that lines surface of medullary cavity, covers most internal surfaces of bones
Periosteum
Connective tissue, covers external surface of bone, assists in nutrition, bone growth, and protection
Epiphyses
Rounded ends of bone, strengthen joints, attachment sites for tendons and ligaments, produce red blood cells
Articular cartilage
Thin layer of hyaline cartilage on epiphyses
Metaphysis
Located between diaphysis and epiphysis, contains growth plates, major function is bone growth
Nutrient arteries and veins
Supple diaphysis, typically one artery and one vein
Metaphyseal arteries and veins
Supple area between diaphysis and epiphysis
Epiphyseal arteries and veins
Supply epiphysis and epiphyseal plate
Primary nerves
Accompany blood vessels and inner are the periosteum, Endosteum, and medullary cavity, have sensory functions especially when injury to bone, increase or decrease blood supply to bone
Osteoprogenitors
Found in Endosteum and periosteum, produce more stem cells and osteoblasts
Osteoblasts
Form bone matrix
Osteocytes
Reside in lacunae, maintain matrix and communicate with osteoblasts to cause further deposit of bone matrix
Osteoclasts
Large, multinucleate cells that dissolve bone, releasing calcium
Interstitial bone growth
Length
Appositional bone growth
Diameter
During aging, bone changes in 2 ways
Lose ability to produce organic matrix due to reduction in osteocytes activity to inform osteoblasts to build bone, lost calcium and other bone salts
Osteoporosis
Decrease in bone density
Chondroblasts
Produce matrix of cartilage
