Chapter 6

Question 1

A vascular cartilage

Answer 1

Not able to heal itself when mature

Question 2

Chondrocytes

Answer 2

Surrounded by matrix, live in space called lacunae

Question 3

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 3

Most common, weakest form, provides support through flexibility, forms majority of fetal system
Located:
Joints, nose, trachea, larynx, costal cartilage

Question 4

Fibrocartilage

Answer 4

Very durable, shock absorber

Location: intervertebral discs, public symphysis, menisci

Question 5

Elastic cartilage

Answer 5

Resilient and flexible

Location: epiglottis, external ear

Question 6

Functions of cartilage

Answer 6

Supports soft tissue and articulations, precursor model for bone growth

Question 7

Bones

Answer 7

Contain four types of tissue but primarily connective, extra cellular matrix is sturdy and rigid, strengthened by calcification

Question 8

Long bones

Answer 8

Greater length than width

Examples: humerus, radius, ulna, tibia, fibula

Question 9

Short bones

Answer 9

Nearly equal width and length

Example: carpals, tarsals

Question 10

Flat bones

Answer 10

Thin surfaces

Example: frontal, occipital, ribs, sternum

Question 11

Irregular bones

Answer 11

Complex shapes

Example: vertebrae, pelvic bones

Question 12

Sesamoid bones

Answer 12

Embedded in tendon

Examples: patella, under big toe

Question 13

Diaphysis

Answer 13

Shaft of long bone

Question 14

Medullary/ marrow cavity

Answer 14

Contains marrow, inside diaphysis

Question 15

Endosteum

Answer 15

Thin layer that lines surface of medullary cavity, covers most internal surfaces of bones

Question 16

Periosteum

Answer 16

Connective tissue, covers external surface of bone, assists in nutrition, bone growth, and protection

Question 17

Epiphyses

Answer 17

Rounded ends of bone, strengthen joints, attachment sites for tendons and ligaments, produce red blood cells

Question 18

Articular cartilage

Answer 18

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage on epiphyses

Question 19

Metaphysis

Answer 19

Located between diaphysis and epiphysis, contains growth plates, major function is bone growth

Question 20

Nutrient arteries and veins

Answer 20

Supple diaphysis, typically one artery and one vein

Question 21

Metaphyseal arteries and veins

Answer 21

Supple area between diaphysis and epiphysis

Question 22

Epiphyseal arteries and veins

Answer 22

Supply epiphysis and epiphyseal plate

Question 23

Primary nerves

Answer 23

Accompany blood vessels and inner are the periosteum, Endosteum, and medullary cavity, have sensory functions especially when injury to bone, increase or decrease blood supply to bone

Question 24

Osteoprogenitors

Answer 24

Found in Endosteum and periosteum, produce more stem cells and osteoblasts

Question 25

Osteoblasts

Answer 25

Form bone matrix

Question 26

Osteocytes

Answer 26

Reside in lacunae, maintain matrix and communicate with osteoblasts to cause further deposit of bone matrix

Question 27

Osteoclasts

Answer 27

Large, multinucleate cells that dissolve bone, releasing calcium

Question 28

Interstitial bone growth

Answer 28

Length

Question 29

Appositional bone growth

Answer 29

Diameter

Question 30

During aging, bone changes in 2 ways

Answer 30

Lose ability to produce organic matrix due to reduction in osteocytes activity to inform osteoblasts to build bone, lost calcium and other bone salts

Question 31

Osteoporosis

Answer 31

Decrease in bone density

Question 32

Chondroblasts

Answer 32

Produce matrix of cartilage