Chapter 6 Flashcards
Concerted reaction?
one step reaction, no intermediates
Stepwise reaction?
two step, intermediates involved
Homolysis?
homolytic cleavage, one electron goes to each atom
Heterolysis?
heterolytic cleavage, electrons divided unequally they go to electronegative atom, form charged intermediates
Bond dissociation energy?
amount of energy required to homolytically cleave a bond, delta H (+) is endothermic
What happens to bond strength as you go across PT?
increases
What happens to bond strength as you go down PT?
decreases
Keq > 1?
favorable equilibrium, -G, to the right, more products
Keq
unfavorable equilibrium, +G, to the left, more reactants
Equation for delta G not?
G= -RTlnK
A small difference in free energy equals ?
a large difference in products vs reactants
Is more disorder favorable or unfavorable?
favorable
In most reactions delta S is _____ so G = ____.
negligible
H
What are two cases where S is not negligible?
- Fragmentations (AB –> A + B) = S is +, favorable
2. Cyclizations- ring is formed, unfavorable, more order, S is negative
Transition state?
energy max peak on diagram, not an intermediate, not isolated or observed