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MD 150 > Chapter 6 & 35 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 & 35 Flashcards

1
Q

If no specific standard has been developed the

A

general duty clause takes effect.

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2
Q

Who is responsible to maintain a workplace free from hazard?

A

The employer

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3
Q

What are the five elements make up the cycle of infection?

A

1- Reservoir Host
2- Means of exit
3- Means of transmission
4- Means of entrance
5- Susceptible host

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4
Q

The infection begins when the_______

A

the pathogen invades the reservoir host

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5
Q

What is reservoir host?

A

The reservoir host is animal, insect or human that are capable to sustain and growth pathogens.

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6
Q

How is call a reservoir host who is unaware of the presence of the pathogen and so spreads the diseases?

A

A human carrier

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7
Q

Is a abnormality or a malfunction in the routine body process has caused normally beneficial or harmless microorganism to become pathogenic.

A

Endogenous infection

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8
Q

What is a exogenous infection?

A

Is caused by the introduced of a pathogen from the outside the body

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9
Q

Common routes of exit include:

A

Ear, nose, mouth, eyes, feces or urine, semen, vaginal fluid, any discharge and blood

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10
Q

What is direct transmission?

A

Is when the pathogen moves immediately from one host to another

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11
Q

What is indirect transmission?

A

Is possible only if the pathogen is capable of existing independently of the reservoir host

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12
Q

Is pathogens can be transmitted to a new host trough air

A

Airborne Transmission

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13
Q

What are some examples of airborne transmission?

A

sources such as soil particles or secretion droplets from a sneeze or cough.

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14
Q

What means bloodborne transmission?

A

Is when pathogen can enter to a new host through contact with blood

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15
Q

Bloodborne Indirectly means:

A

when pathogens are transferred through blood transfusions, needlesticks injuries, or improperly sterilized

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16
Q

Bloodborne Directly means:

A

Contaminated blood person contact with other person by contact broken skin or mucous membrane

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17
Q

What some infections that may infect the baby during passage trough the birth canal?

A

Herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis, or streptococcal infections.

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18
Q

What is a example of pathogen transmitted by ingestion is a strain and which can cause sever food poisoning?

A

E.coli

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19
Q

A living organism that carries microorganism from an infected person to another person is know as ________

A

as a Vector Borne transmission

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20
Q

What is a fomites?

What are some examples of fomites?

A

A fomite is any inanimate reservoir of pathogenic microorganism.

Drinking glasses, doorknob, shopping cart, pencils and any object,

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21
Q

What are the most common entrance of pathogens?

A

mucous membrane, mouth, nose, throat, vagina or rectum and also can enter through ears, eyes, intestinal tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract.

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22
Q

The person into whom the pathogens has been transmitted must be and individual who has little or no immunity to infection by that organism.

A

Susceptible host

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23
Q

What are some factor related to the host:

A

Age
Genetic
Nutritional Status
Stress level
Other diseases
Hygiene habits
General health

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24
Q

What are some environmental factor in diseases transmission?

A

Climate, food, water, insect and people

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25
Q

The principle of asepsis must be applied in order.

A

to end the cycle of infection and its spread.

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26
Q

What is most common transmission pathogens?

A

Touching

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27
Q

What are the two common method of handwashing and the difference?

A

Handwashing with plain or antimicrobial
the differences are one use water and soap and the other is alcohol based.

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28
Q

Used sharps must never be ____________ and must be placed in a __________.

A

never be bent, broken, recapped, or otherwise tampered with and should be placed biohazardous waste container for sharps

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29
Q

Following universal precautions means assuming that all ___________________

A

that all blood, body fluids, and other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) are infected with bloodborne pathogens.

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30
Q

Is a combination of universal precautions and rules to reduce the risk of disease transmission

A

Standard precautions and is used for the care of the patients

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31
Q

When an exposure incident occurs you must notify who? Why is important?

A

The physician or employer must be notified immediately to prevent development of many diseases, prevent worker from exposing other people, prevent the same type of accident from happening again.

32
Q

The vaccine HBV is recommended for all healthcare workers unless:

A

They have received in the past
A blood test show immune
Medical reasons for which the vaccine is not going to work

33
Q

Controlling injuries by altering the way a task is performed

A

work practice control

34
Q

devices specially designed to isolate or remove the hazards and work practice controls

A

engineered safety devices

35
Q

These guidelines are meant as a (CDC) supplement to standard precautions when caring for patient with suspected or confirmed infection

A

Transmission based precautions

36
Q

Improvement in adherence to infectio control procedures and subsequent reduction in

A

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI)

37
Q

A bladder infection caused by Escherichia coli would be considered what type of infcetion?

A

Endogenous

38
Q

OSHA requires that all workers have initial training in PPE selection and -__

A

Job-specific infection prevention

39
Q

A healthcare-associated infection is one acquired by a patient in a healthcare setting sometimes called a nosocomial infection.

A

Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI)

40
Q

Is an infection caused by a specific type of staph bacteria, becomes resistant to most antibiotics used to treat, is difficult to treat and is the most common type of skin infection

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

41
Q

Any procedure that requires entry into a body cavity or cutting into skin or mucous membrane is a-______

A

Invasive procedure

42
Q

Any one who has an invasive procedure is at ______

A

risk for MRSA infection.

43
Q

Type of bacterium that causes diarrhea, can affect anyone who is taking antibiotics for prolonged periods of time and is transmitted fecal/oral route

A

Clostridioides difficile also know as C. diff

44
Q

Are caused by the entry of infections microorganism into the bloodstream by way of a central line

A

Central line associated bloodstream infections

45
Q

Any one who uses catheters on a long term basis is at risk for

A

urinary tract infections

46
Q

The CDC recommended that catheters should be used for ________

A

at least possible amount of time and only when necessary.

47
Q

Medical asepsis or clean technique is

A

maintaining cleanliness to prevent spread microorganism

48
Q

Surgical asepsis or sterile technique is

A

is completely sterile the environment that eliminates the microorganism

49
Q

A member of the medical staff who is infected of HIV or HBV should hear an advice from

A

from an expert review panel

50
Q

What happen if you place facedown the lid?

A

can get contaminates the inside of the lid

51
Q

What is the proper way to open a conatainer?

A

facing up instead facedown

52
Q

What is the proper way to administrate tablets or capsules to a patient?

A

You should pour them into the bottle cap or a cup

53
Q

Gloves worn once and discard

A

disposable

54
Q

gloves worn during procedures that do not require sterile environment

A

Examination

55
Q

Used for procedures such as minor surgery or urinary catheterization

A

Sterile gloves

56
Q

Used when cleaning up

A

Utility gloves

57
Q

How many people per year suffer needle stick injuries and how many percent people get contaminated with HIV?

A

Approximately 800,000 needle sticks injuries and 2% of people get HIV

58
Q

Have a sheath over the barrel of the syringe

A

Self-sheathing needle

59
Q

Have a needle that retracts inside the barrel of the syringe after it is activated

A

retractable needles

60
Q

Have a blunt tip that slides forward through the needle past the sharp point

A

Self-blunting or blunt tip, blood drawing needles

61
Q

Are singles use, disposable device

A

Re-sheathing scalpels

62
Q

Injection phlebotomy and winged steel needles are available with

A

Add-on safety features

63
Q

Where are the common locations for the posters?

A

front door, exam rooms, bathrooms and reception area

64
Q

What means a surgical site infection?

A

An infection that occurs after a surgical procedure at the site of surgery is infected.

65
Q

What are the two type of sterilize instruments?

A

Autoclaving
Chemical (cold) processes

66
Q

The primary method for sterilizing instrument and equipment is the use of pressurized steam in a _________

A

autoclave 212 F or 100 C

67
Q

Modern autoclave are designed to operate as

A

automatically

68
Q

include special packages, tags, inserts, tapes, tubes, and strips that confirm the items in the autoclave have been exposed to correct volume of steam at the correct temp and time

A

Sterilization indicators

69
Q

containing bacterial spores are used as a quality control method to confirm that sterilization occur.

A

Biological indicators

70
Q

Chemical or cold sterilization involves

A

the use of liquids to eliminate microorganism and used on instruments and equipment that are sensitive to heat and steam

71
Q

Which of the following best describes a CAUTI?

A

An infection caused by microorganism entering the bladder by way of catheter

72
Q

All of the following are reportable diseases except

A

Hantavirus

73
Q

Terminology for surgical site infection caused by microorganism found on the skin

A

Remote

74
Q

A procedure that requires entry into a body cavity or cutting into skin or mucous membrane is known as

A

Invasive

75
Q

The sterile shelf life of a paper-wrapped surgical pack is

A

1 month

MD 150 (1 decks)

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