Chapter 6 & 35 Flashcards by Ruben Martinez

If no specific standard has been developed the

general duty clause takes effect.

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Who is responsible to maintain a workplace free from hazard?

The employer

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What are the five elements make up the cycle of infection?

1- Reservoir Host
2- Means of exit
3- Means of transmission
4- Means of entrance
5- Susceptible host

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The infection begins when the_______

the pathogen invades the reservoir host

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What is reservoir host?

The reservoir host is animal, insect or human that are capable to sustain and growth pathogens.

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How is call a reservoir host who is unaware of the presence of the pathogen and so spreads the diseases?

A human carrier

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Is a abnormality or a malfunction in the routine body process has caused normally beneficial or harmless microorganism to become pathogenic.

Endogenous infection

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What is a exogenous infection?

Is caused by the introduced of a pathogen from the outside the body

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Common routes of exit include:

Ear, nose, mouth, eyes, feces or urine, semen, vaginal fluid, any discharge and blood

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What is direct transmission?

Is when the pathogen moves immediately from one host to another

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What is indirect transmission?

Is possible only if the pathogen is capable of existing independently of the reservoir host

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Is pathogens can be transmitted to a new host trough air

Airborne Transmission

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What are some examples of airborne transmission?

sources such as soil particles or secretion droplets from a sneeze or cough.

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What means bloodborne transmission?

Is when pathogen can enter to a new host through contact with blood

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Bloodborne Indirectly means:

when pathogens are transferred through blood transfusions, needlesticks injuries, or improperly sterilized

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Bloodborne Directly means:

Contaminated blood person contact with other person by contact broken skin or mucous membrane

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What some infections that may infect the baby during passage trough the birth canal?

Herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis, or streptococcal infections.

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What is a example of pathogen transmitted by ingestion is a strain and which can cause sever food poisoning?

E.coli

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A living organism that carries microorganism from an infected person to another person is know as ________

as a Vector Borne transmission

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What is a fomites?

What are some examples of fomites?

A fomite is any inanimate reservoir of pathogenic microorganism.

Drinking glasses, doorknob, shopping cart, pencils and any object,

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What are the most common entrance of pathogens?

mucous membrane, mouth, nose, throat, vagina or rectum and also can enter through ears, eyes, intestinal tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract.

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The person into whom the pathogens has been transmitted must be and individual who has little or no immunity to infection by that organism.

Susceptible host

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What are some factor related to the host:

Age
Genetic
Nutritional Status
Stress level
Other diseases
Hygiene habits
General health

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What are some environmental factor in diseases transmission?

Climate, food, water, insect and people

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The principle of asepsis must be applied in order.

to end the cycle of infection and its spread.

What is most common transmission pathogens?

Touching

What are the two common method of handwashing and the difference?

Handwashing with plain or antimicrobial the differences are one use water and soap and the other is alcohol based.

Used sharps must never be ____________ and must be placed in a __________.

never be bent, broken, recapped, or otherwise tampered with and should be placed biohazardous waste container for sharps

Following universal precautions means assuming that all ___________________

that all blood, body fluids, and other potentially infectious materials (OPIM) are infected with bloodborne pathogens.

Is a combination of universal precautions and rules to reduce the risk of disease transmission

Standard precautions and is used for the care of the patients

When an exposure incident occurs you must notify who? Why is important?

The physician or employer must be notified immediately to prevent development of many diseases, prevent worker from exposing other people, prevent the same type of accident from happening again.

The vaccine HBV is recommended for all healthcare workers unless:

They have received in the past A blood test show immune Medical reasons for which the vaccine is not going to work

Controlling injuries by altering the way a task is performed

work practice control

devices specially designed to isolate or remove the hazards and work practice controls

engineered safety devices

These guidelines are meant as a (CDC) supplement to standard precautions when caring for patient with suspected or confirmed infection

Transmission based precautions

Improvement in adherence to infectio control procedures and subsequent reduction in

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI)

A bladder infection caused by Escherichia coli would be considered what type of infcetion?

Endogenous

OSHA requires that all workers have initial training in PPE selection and -__

Job-specific infection prevention

A healthcare-associated infection is one acquired by a patient in a healthcare setting sometimes called a nosocomial infection.

Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI)

Is an infection caused by a specific type of staph bacteria, becomes resistant to most antibiotics used to treat, is difficult to treat and is the most common type of skin infection

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Any procedure that requires entry into a body cavity or cutting into skin or mucous membrane is a-______

Invasive procedure

Any one who has an invasive procedure is at ______

risk for MRSA infection.

Type of bacterium that causes diarrhea, can affect anyone who is taking antibiotics for prolonged periods of time and is transmitted fecal/oral route

Clostridioides difficile also know as C. diff

Are caused by the entry of infections microorganism into the bloodstream by way of a central line

Central line associated bloodstream infections

Any one who uses catheters on a long term basis is at risk for

urinary tract infections

The CDC recommended that catheters should be used for ________

at least possible amount of time and only when necessary.

Medical asepsis or clean technique is

maintaining cleanliness to prevent spread microorganism

Surgical asepsis or sterile technique is

is completely sterile the environment that eliminates the microorganism

A member of the medical staff who is infected of HIV or HBV should hear an advice from

from an expert review panel

What happen if you place facedown the lid?

can get contaminates the inside of the lid

What is the proper way to open a conatainer?

facing up instead facedown

What is the proper way to administrate tablets or capsules to a patient?

You should pour them into the bottle cap or a cup

Gloves worn once and discard

disposable

gloves worn during procedures that do not require sterile environment

Examination

Used for procedures such as minor surgery or urinary catheterization

Sterile gloves

Used when cleaning up

Utility gloves

How many people per year suffer needle stick injuries and how many percent people get contaminated with HIV?

Approximately 800,000 needle sticks injuries and 2% of people get HIV

Have a sheath over the barrel of the syringe

Self-sheathing needle

Have a needle that retracts inside the barrel of the syringe after it is activated

retractable needles

Have a blunt tip that slides forward through the needle past the sharp point

Self-blunting or blunt tip, blood drawing needles

Are singles use, disposable device

Re-sheathing scalpels

Injection phlebotomy and winged steel needles are available with

Add-on safety features

Where are the common locations for the posters?

front door, exam rooms, bathrooms and reception area

What means a surgical site infection?

An infection that occurs after a surgical procedure at the site of surgery is infected.

What are the two type of sterilize instruments?

Autoclaving Chemical (cold) processes

The primary method for sterilizing instrument and equipment is the use of pressurized steam in a _________

autoclave 212 F or 100 C

Modern autoclave are designed to operate as

automatically

include special packages, tags, inserts, tapes, tubes, and strips that confirm the items in the autoclave have been exposed to correct volume of steam at the correct temp and time

Sterilization indicators

containing bacterial spores are used as a quality control method to confirm that sterilization occur.

Biological indicators

Chemical or cold sterilization involves

the use of liquids to eliminate microorganism and used on instruments and equipment that are sensitive to heat and steam

Which of the following best describes a CAUTI?

An infection caused by microorganism entering the bladder by way of catheter

All of the following are reportable diseases except

Hantavirus

Terminology for surgical site infection caused by microorganism found on the skin

Remote

A procedure that requires entry into a body cavity or cutting into skin or mucous membrane is known as

Invasive

The sterile shelf life of a paper-wrapped surgical pack is

1 month

Chapter 6 & 35 Flashcards

(75 cards)