Chapter 6

Question 0

Effectiveness of social assistance

Answer 0

One way to evaluate this in addressing poverty levels is to compare the welfare dollar amounts to after tax LICO levels. The difference b is a fair indicator of the effectiveness of social assistance in at least ameliorating the situation of the poor in our society

Question 1

Absolute measures of poverty

Answer 1

Based on essential basket of goods and services deemed necessary for survival . Those who cannot afford the basket are considered living in poverty. Debated because no agreement on what should be included in the “basket”

Question 2

Eligibility rules

Answer 2

General classification scheme.

- must meet the eligibility rules set out for each category of clients depending on category

Question 3

Ethnicity

Answer 3

Share common descent language religion and traditions
-same race different ethnicity
-

Question 4

Food banks and feeding programs

Answer 4

With cutback in Income security programs people rely in these programs

Question 5

Homelessness (absolute and relative)

Answer 5

Absolute homelessness = individual or family has no housing at all or is staying in a temporary form of shelter

Relative homelessness is a situation in which peoples homes do not meet the United Nations basic housing standards

Question 6

Human capital perspective

Answer 6

Views an immigrants attributes specific skills and personal resources as shaping his/her level of employment success

Question 7

Inequality

Answer 7

Differences between income groups ex. Divided between households

Question 8

Labour market perspective

Answer 8

Characteristics of the local job market such as the demand for certain skills and other specific qualities of the geographic location are key factors that determine the level of unemployment or underemployment experienced by newcomer groups

Question 9

Low income cutoff LICO

Answer 9

Measure of poverty, combined relative and absolute measure often referred to as a “relative necessities” approach

• based on the percentage of income that individuals and families spend on basic needs or necessities in comparison with the rest of Canadians
• not seen as poverty line rather named level of low income

Question 10

Low Income measure LIM

Answer 10

Relative poverty indicator that measures low-income rates as one-half of the median income if the country

Question 11

Market basket measure MBM

Answer 11

The new absolute measure of poverty calculates the amount of income needed by a given household to meet it’s needs based on credible community norms

Question 12

Political economy perspective on poverty

Answer 12

The large concentration of ownership of major corporations affects the way governments operate or fail to operate in the regulation of industry and the labour market wages discrimination etc.

Question 13

Poverty duration

Answer 13

The length of time that people experience low income.

Question 14

Poverty gap

Answer 14

Measurement of how much additional income would be required to raise an individual or household above the LICO or some other measure of poverty . Measures the depth of poverty

Question 15

Poverty

Answer 15

Some benchmark standard and how many people live below that standard. Three dimensions need to be considered : how many people are poor, headcount 2) by how much they fall below the poverty line gap measure 3) for how long they are poor duration measure
- LICO MBMs LIMs

Question 16

Relative measures of poverty

Answer 16

Based on how low ones income is relative to that of other people
- differences in income between the poor and the majority of society rather than fixed standard

Question 17

SA

Answer 17

No source of income , province based minimum income program. Strict eligibility criteria = needs test , last resort

Question 18

Social exclusion

Answer 18

Marginalization - having limited opportunities or abilities to participate in the social economic and cultural activities of society
- views poverty not as a matter of a low degree of well-being but inability to pursue well-being because of the lack of opportunities

Question 19

Spouse in the house rule

Answer 19

Person of the opposite sex had stayed overnight at a welfare recipients home
- could be deemed financially responsible for the person receiving welfare support

Question 20

Welfare fraud

Answer 20

Applicants are being deceptive in order to receive benefits

-many overpayments and administrative errors or missing documents

Question 21

Workfare

Answer 21

Take a job to get SA cheque or smaller cheque if refuse to work or mandatory community volunteer work or self employment

Question 22

Working poor

Answer 22

Low wage earners , participating in labour force through paid employment but do not earn enough income to lift them above the poverty line