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Chapter 6 Flashcards

0
Q

Anatomy

A

Is the study of the body that can be seen with the naked eye

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1
Q

Abductors

A

Muscle that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity. In the hand, abductors separate the fingers.

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Is the study of the body and the movements

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3
Q

Histology

A

Microscopic anatomy

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4
Q

Cells

A

Basic unit of all living things

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5
Q

Protoplasm

A

A colorless, jelly like substance in which food elements such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

Is the dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell

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7
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Fluid that contains proteins and DNA

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8
Q

Organelle

A

(Small organ) cytoplasm, and the cell membrane

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9
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Is all the protoplasm of a cell except that found in the nucleus

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10
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

Determines genetic makeup

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11
Q

Cell membrane

A

Is the part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave

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12
Q

Mitosis

A

Is the usual process of cell reproduction in human tissues that occur when the cell divides into two identical cells called daughter cells

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13
Q

Metabolism

A

Is a chemical process that takes place in living organisms

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14
Q

Anabolism

A

Is constructive metabolism, the build up, body stores food, water, oxygen

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15
Q

Catabolism

A

Is the phase of metabolism in which complex compounds within the cells are broken down releases muscle contractions, body secretions, or heat production.

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16
Q

Tissue

A

Is a collection of similar cells that perform a particular function

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17
Q

Connective tissue

A

Supports, protects, and binds together other tissue of the body.

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18
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Gives smoothness and contour to the body. Examples bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fascia(separates muscle), and fat

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19
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Is a protective covering on body surfaces. Examples are skin, mucous membranes, the the lining of the heart digestive and respiratory organs,and glands

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20
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Contracts and move the various parts of the body

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21
Q

Nerve tissue

A

Carries messages to and from the brain into chosen coordinates all bodily functions

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22
Q

Organs

A

Are structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform a specific function and plants and animals

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23
Q

Kidneys

A

Excrete water and waste products

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24
Liver
Removes waste created by digestion
25
Skin
External protective coating that covers the body
26
Body systems
Also known as systems, our groups of bodily organs acting together to perform one or more functions.
27
Skeletal system
Forms the physical foundation of the body
28
Osteology
Is the study of anatomy, structure, and functions of the bones.
29
Os
Means bone and is used as a prefix and many medical terms, such as osteoarthritis, a joint disease
30
Joint
Is the connection between two or more bones of the skeleton. There are two types of joints: movable, such as elbows, knees, and hips; and immovable, such as the pelvis or skull, which allow little or no movement
31
Cranium
Is an oval, bony case that protects the brain, 4 x 8 bones; in the face consist of 14 bones including the maxilla and mandible.
32
Occipital bone
Is the hindmost bone of the skull; it forms the back of the skull above the nape
33
Parietal bones
Form the sides and crown of the cranium
34
Frontal bone
Forms the forehead
35
Temporal bones
Form the sides of the head in the ear region
36
Ethmoid bone
Is the light, spongy bone between the eye sockets that forms part of the nasal cavities
37
Sphenoid bone
Joins all the bones of the cranium together
38
Nasal bones
Form the bridge of the nose
39
Lacrimal bones
The smallest and most fragile bones of the base, are situated at the front inside part of the eye socket
40
Zygomatic bones
Also known as malar bones or cheekbones, form the prominence of the cheeks, or cheekbones.
41
Maxillary bones
Form the upper jaw
42
Mandible
Forms the lower jawbone, the largest and strongest bone of the face
43
Turbinal bones
Are thin layers of spongy bone on either of the outer walls of the nasal depression.
44
Vomer bone
Is a flat, then bone that forms part of the nasal septum
45
Palatine bones
Form the hard palate of the mouth.
46
Hyoid bones
A U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and it's muscles.
47
Cervical vertebrae
The seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column located in the neck region
48
Thorax
The chest or pulmonary trunk consisting of the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae
49
Ribs
Twelve pairs of bones forming the wall of the thorax
50
Scapula
Also known as shoulder blade. The large, flat, triangular bone of the shoulder. There are two scapulas.
51
Clavicle
Also known as collarbone. The bone that joins the sternum and scapula
52
Humerus
Is the uppermost and largest bone of the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder
53
Ulna
Is the inner andblarger bone of the forearm, attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger
54
Radius
Is the smaller bone in the forearm on the same side as the thumb
55
Carpus
Also known as wrist, is a flexible joint composed of eight small, irregular bones held together by ligaments
56
Metacarpus
Also known as palm, consist of five long, slender bones called metacarpal bones
57
Phalanges
Also known as digits, of the bones in the fingers, three in each finger and two in each thumb, totaling 14 bones.
58
Absorption
The transfer of fully digested food into the circulatory system to feed the tissues and cells.
59
Adductors
Muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or have an extremity. In the hand, adductors draw the fingers together.
60
Adrenal glands
Glands that secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolism processes of the body, including the fight or flight response
61
Angular artery
Artery that supplies blood to the side of the nose
62
Anterior auricular artery
Artery that supplies blood to the front part of the ear
63
Aorta
The body's largest artery. The arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body
64
Arteries
Thick walled muscular and flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries throughout the body.
65
Arteriolar
Small artery that deliver blood capillaries
66
Atrioventricular valves
Abbreviated ATV; valves which are designed to prevent the blood from flowing back into the pumping chamber.
67
Atrium
Thin walled, upper chamber of the heart through which blood is pumped to the ventricles. There is a right atrium in the left atrium.
68
Auricularis anterior
Muscle in front of the ear that draws the ear forward
69
Auricularis posterior
Muscle behind the ear that draws that your backward
70
Auricularis superior
Muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward.
71
Auriculotemporal nerve
Nerve that affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull.
72
Autonomic nervous system
Abbreviated ANS; the part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles; regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, and heart.
73
Axon
The extension of a neuron through which impulses are staying away from the cell body to other neurons, glands, or muscles.
74
Belly
Middle part of a muscle
75
Biceps
Muscle producing the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm.
76
Blood vessels
Tube like structures that transport blood to and from the heart, and to various tissues of the body; include arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venues, and veins.
77
Brachial artery
Located in the upper arm, the brachial artery is a major blood vessel which runs down the arm and ends by dividing into the radial and ulnar arteries, which run down through the forearm.
78
Brain
Part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium; largest and most complex nerve tissue; controls sensation, muscles, glandular activity, and the power to think and feel.
79
Brain stem
Structure that connects the spinal cord to the brain.
80
Buccal nerve
Nerve that affects the muscles of the mouth.
81
Buccinator
Then, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips.
82
Capillaries
Tiny, thin walled blood vessels that connects the smaller arteries to the veins. Capillaries bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials.
83
Cardiac muscle
The involuntary muscle that is the heart. This type of muscle is not found in any other part of the body.
84
Central nervous system
Abbreviated CNS; cerebrospinal nervous system; consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves.
85
Cerebrum
Makes up the bulk of the brain and is located in the front, upper part of the cranium.
86
Cervical cutaneous nerve
Lies at the base of the cerebrum and is attached to the brain stem; this term is Latin for "little brain."
87
Cervical nerves
Nerves that originate at the spinal cord, whose branches supply the muscles and scalp at the back of the head and neck; affect the side of the neck and platysma muscle.
88
Circulatory system
Also known as cardiovascular system or vascular system; system that controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels.
89
Common carotid arteries
Arteries that supply blood to the face, head, and neck.
90
Corrugator muscle
Facial muscle that draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the four head vertically.
91
Defecation
Elimination of feces from the body.
92
Deltoid
Large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body.
93
Dendrites
Tree like branching of nerve fibers extending from a nerve cell; short nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the cell and receive impulses from other neurons.
94
Depressor anguli Oris
Also known as trite triangularis muscle; Muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corner of the mouth.

Anatomy Flash Cards (1 decks)

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