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Anatomy Flash Cards > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

0
Q

Anatomy

A

Is the study of the body that can be seen with the naked eye

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1
Q

Abductors

A

Muscle that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity. In the hand, abductors separate the fingers.

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Is the study of the body and the movements

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3
Q

Histology

A

Microscopic anatomy

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4
Q

Cells

A

Basic unit of all living things

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5
Q

Protoplasm

A

A colorless, jelly like substance in which food elements such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and water are present

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

Is the dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell

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7
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Fluid that contains proteins and DNA

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8
Q

Organelle

A

(Small organ) cytoplasm, and the cell membrane

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9
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Is all the protoplasm of a cell except that found in the nucleus

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10
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

Determines genetic makeup

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11
Q

Cell membrane

A

Is the part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave

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12
Q

Mitosis

A

Is the usual process of cell reproduction in human tissues that occur when the cell divides into two identical cells called daughter cells

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13
Q

Metabolism

A

Is a chemical process that takes place in living organisms

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14
Q

Anabolism

A

Is constructive metabolism, the build up, body stores food, water, oxygen

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15
Q

Catabolism

A

Is the phase of metabolism in which complex compounds within the cells are broken down releases muscle contractions, body secretions, or heat production.

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16
Q

Tissue

A

Is a collection of similar cells that perform a particular function

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17
Q

Connective tissue

A

Supports, protects, and binds together other tissue of the body.

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18
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Gives smoothness and contour to the body. Examples bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fascia(separates muscle), and fat

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19
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Is a protective covering on body surfaces. Examples are skin, mucous membranes, the the lining of the heart digestive and respiratory organs,and glands

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20
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Contracts and move the various parts of the body

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21
Q

Nerve tissue

A

Carries messages to and from the brain into chosen coordinates all bodily functions

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22
Q

Organs

A

Are structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform a specific function and plants and animals

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23
Q

Kidneys

A

Excrete water and waste products

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24
Q

Liver

A

Removes waste created by digestion

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25
Q

Skin

A

External protective coating that covers the body

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26
Q

Body systems

A

Also known as systems, our groups of bodily organs acting together to perform one or more functions.

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27
Q

Skeletal system

A

Forms the physical foundation of the body

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28
Q

Osteology

A

Is the study of anatomy, structure, and functions of the bones.

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29
Q

Os

A

Means bone and is used as a prefix and many medical terms, such as osteoarthritis, a joint disease

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30
Q

Joint

A

Is the connection between two or more bones of the skeleton. There are two types of joints: movable, such as elbows, knees, and hips; and immovable, such as the pelvis or skull, which allow little or no movement

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31
Q

Cranium

A

Is an oval, bony case that protects the brain, 4 x 8 bones; in the face consist of 14 bones including the maxilla and mandible.

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32
Q

Occipital bone

A

Is the hindmost bone of the skull; it forms the back of the skull above the nape

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33
Q

Parietal bones

A

Form the sides and crown of the cranium

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34
Q

Frontal bone

A

Forms the forehead

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35
Q

Temporal bones

A

Form the sides of the head in the ear region

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36
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Is the light, spongy bone between the eye sockets that forms part of the nasal cavities

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37
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Joins all the bones of the cranium together

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38
Q

Nasal bones

A

Form the bridge of the nose

39
Q

Lacrimal bones

A

The smallest and most fragile bones of the base, are situated at the front inside part of the eye socket

40
Q

Zygomatic bones

A

Also known as malar bones or cheekbones, form the prominence of the cheeks, or cheekbones.

41
Q

Maxillary bones

A

Form the upper jaw

42
Q

Mandible

A

Forms the lower jawbone, the largest and strongest bone of the face

43
Q

Turbinal bones

A

Are thin layers of spongy bone on either of the outer walls of the nasal depression.

44
Q

Vomer bone

A

Is a flat, then bone that forms part of the nasal septum

45
Q

Palatine bones

A

Form the hard palate of the mouth.

46
Q

Hyoid bones

A

A U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and it’s muscles.

47
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

The seven bones of the top part of the vertebral column located in the neck region

48
Q

Thorax

A

The chest or pulmonary trunk consisting of the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae

49
Q

Ribs

A

Twelve pairs of bones forming the wall of the thorax

50
Q

Scapula

A

Also known as shoulder blade. The large, flat, triangular bone of the shoulder. There are two scapulas.

51
Q

Clavicle

A

Also known as collarbone. The bone that joins the sternum and scapula

52
Q

Humerus

A

Is the uppermost and largest bone of the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder

53
Q

Ulna

A

Is the inner andblarger bone of the forearm, attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger

54
Q

Radius

A

Is the smaller bone in the forearm on the same side as the thumb

55
Q

Carpus

A

Also known as wrist, is a flexible joint composed of eight small, irregular bones held together by ligaments

56
Q

Metacarpus

A

Also known as palm, consist of five long, slender bones called metacarpal bones

57
Q

Phalanges

A

Also known as digits, of the bones in the fingers, three in each finger and two in each thumb, totaling 14 bones.

58
Q

Absorption

A

The transfer of fully digested food into the circulatory system to feed the tissues and cells.

59
Q

Adductors

A

Muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or have an extremity. In the hand, adductors draw the fingers together.

60
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Glands that secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolism processes of the body, including the fight or flight response

61
Q

Angular artery

A

Artery that supplies blood to the side of the nose

62
Q

Anterior auricular artery

A

Artery that supplies blood to the front part of the ear

63
Q

Aorta

A

The body’s largest artery. The arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body

64
Q

Arteries

A

Thick walled muscular and flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries throughout the body.

65
Q

Arteriolar

A

Small artery that deliver blood capillaries

66
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Abbreviated ATV; valves which are designed to prevent the blood from flowing back into the pumping chamber.

67
Q

Atrium

A

Thin walled, upper chamber of the heart through which blood is pumped to the ventricles. There is a right atrium in the left atrium.

68
Q

Auricularis anterior

A

Muscle in front of the ear that draws the ear forward

69
Q

Auricularis posterior

A

Muscle behind the ear that draws that your backward

70
Q

Auricularis superior

A

Muscle above the ear that draws the ear upward.

71
Q

Auriculotemporal nerve

A

Nerve that affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull.

72
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Abbreviated ANS; the part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles; regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, and heart.

73
Q

Axon

A

The extension of a neuron through which impulses are staying away from the cell body to other neurons, glands, or muscles.

74
Q

Belly

A

Middle part of a muscle

75
Q

Biceps

A

Muscle producing the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm.

76
Q

Blood vessels

A

Tube like structures that transport blood to and from the heart, and to various tissues of the body; include arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venues, and veins.

77
Q

Brachial artery

A

Located in the upper arm, the brachial artery is a major blood vessel which runs down the arm and ends by dividing into the radial and ulnar arteries, which run down through the forearm.

78
Q

Brain

A

Part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium; largest and most complex nerve tissue; controls sensation, muscles, glandular activity, and the power to think and feel.

79
Q

Brain stem

A

Structure that connects the spinal cord to the brain.

80
Q

Buccal nerve

A

Nerve that affects the muscles of the mouth.

81
Q

Buccinator

A

Then, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips.

82
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny, thin walled blood vessels that connects the smaller arteries to the veins. Capillaries bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials.

83
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

The involuntary muscle that is the heart. This type of muscle is not found in any other part of the body.

84
Q

Central nervous system

A

Abbreviated CNS; cerebrospinal nervous system; consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves.

85
Q

Cerebrum

A

Makes up the bulk of the brain and is located in the front, upper part of the cranium.

86
Q

Cervical cutaneous nerve

A

Lies at the base of the cerebrum and is attached to the brain stem; this term is Latin for “little brain.”

87
Q

Cervical nerves

A

Nerves that originate at the spinal cord, whose branches supply the muscles and scalp at the back of the head and neck; affect the side of the neck and platysma muscle.

88
Q

Circulatory system

A

Also known as cardiovascular system or vascular system; system that controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels.

89
Q

Common carotid arteries

A

Arteries that supply blood to the face, head, and neck.

90
Q

Corrugator muscle

A

Facial muscle that draws eyebrows down and wrinkles the four head vertically.

91
Q

Defecation

A

Elimination of feces from the body.

92
Q

Deltoid

A

Large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body.

93
Q

Dendrites

A

Tree like branching of nerve fibers extending from a nerve cell; short nerve fibers that carry impulses toward the cell and receive impulses from other neurons.

94
Q

Depressor anguli Oris

A

Also known as trite triangularis muscle; Muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corner of the mouth.

Anatomy Flash Cards (1 decks)

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