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Science Chapter 8th Grade > Chapter 6 2.0 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 2.0 Flashcards

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1
Q

A stressed crack in a rock

A

Joint

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2
Q

A crack or joint in a rock

A

Fault

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3
Q

The first earthquake to reach a seismic station

A

P waves

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4
Q

The second earthquake wave to reach a seismic station

A

S waves

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5
Q

One of many earthquake waves to travel along the crust

A

Surface waves

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6
Q

Detects earthquake waves

A

Seismometers

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7
Q

The actual center of an earthquake activity

A

Focus (hypocenter)

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8
Q

The point where an earthquake actually occurs

A

Epicenter

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9
Q

The size or intensity of some measurable quantity

A

Magnitude

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10
Q

A system that reports the magnitude or energy of an earthquake

A

Richter scale

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11
Q

A measure of the concentration of energy expanded or the effects of energy released

A

Intensity

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12
Q

An Italian volcanologist and director of the Vesuvius observatory

A

Mercalli

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13
Q

A far-reaching, devastating water wave caused by seismic activity

A

Tsunamis

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14
Q

Includes seismometers and a way to record or graph the changing earth waves

A

Seismograph

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15
Q

Rapid mass wasting of earth materials downhill

A

Landslides

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16
Q

Oil, grease, and other substances used to reduce friction

A

Lubricant

17
Q

Secondary earthquakes

A

Aftershocks

18
Q

Any force exerted on the matter in an object

A

Stress

19
Q

Forces/stresses that act to squeeze or crush an object or substance

A

Compression stress

20
Q

Forces/dresses that act to pull an object or substance apart

A

Tension stress

21
Q

Forces/stresses that act in opposite directions in different parts of the same object or substance

A

Shear stress

22
Q

The amount of strain a material can endure

A

Ductility

23
Q

A push or pull on an object

A

Force

24
Q

Any change in the shape of a solid due to stress is exerted on the material

A

Strain

25
Q

The compass direction of an imaginary line drawn across a fault face or rock

A

Strike

26
Q

The angle of slope of a fault face or stratum

A

Dip

27
Q

A fault whose main motion is parallel to its tip direction

A

Dip-slip fault

28
Q

Where are earthquakes the strongest?

A

Focus

29
Q

List three places seismic waves carry energy

A

• away from the focus
• through earth’s interior
• across the surface

30
Q

List three things that are measured on earthquake scales

A

•magnitude
•seismic waves
•seismometers

31
Q

What does tenfold on the Richter scale mean?

A

Ranges from one to 10

Science Chapter 8th Grade (3 decks)

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