Chapter 6

Question 1

Cartilage, bone, tendons, and ligaments are all components of the ______.

Answer 1

Skeletal System

Question 2

Identify functions of the skeletal system.

Answer 2

Site for blood cell formation
Movement
Protection
Storage

Question 3

Choose the three types of cartilage in the human body.

Answer 3

Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage

Question 4

Most bones in the body start out as _____ cartilage.

Answer 4

Hyaline

Question 5

Mature cell surrounded by cartilage matrix

Answer 5

Chondroblast

Question 6

Immature cell that produces cartilage matrix

Answer 6

Chondrocyte

Question 7

Identify the four components of the skeletal system

Answer 7

Tendons
Cartilage
Bone
Ligaments

Question 8

A space in the matrix of cartilage that contains a chondrocyte is called a(n)____.

A space within a matrix in which you would find a cell is called a(n)____.

Answer 8

Lacuna

Question 9

Describe functions of the skeletal system

Answer 9

Protection of internal organs
Protection of blood cells and platelets
Storage of minerals

Question 10

Hyaline, elastic, and fibro are all forms of _______.

Answer 10

Cartilage

Question 11

The type of cartilage most intimately associated with bone is ________.

Answer 11

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 12

The type of cartilage cell that secretes a matrix is the _______.

Answer 12

Chondroblast/s

Question 13

The protective connective tissue sheath that covers most cartilage is called the ______.

Answer 13

Perichondrium

Question 14

Choose the three types of cartilage in the human body.

Answer 14

Elastic Cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage
Fibrocartilage

Question 15

Bones are attached to other bones by ________.

Answer 15

Ligaments

Question 16

The type of cartilage growth that adds new cartilage to the outside edge of existing cartilage is ______ growth.

What type of growth is occurring when cartilage is added to the outside of an existing perichondrium?

Answer 16

Appositional

Question 17

Which type of cartilage serves as a precursor for most bones and plays an important role in bone repair and growth.

Answer 17

Hyaline

Question 17

What is the perichondrium?

Answer 17

The connective tissue covering cartilage.

Question 18

Immature cartilage cells or ____ are responsible for creating new matrix while mature cartilage cells are called ____ and are completely encased in matrix.

Answer 18

Chondroblasts, Chondrocytes

Question 19

Which is the nonliving component of bone tissue?

Answer 19

Matrix

Question 20

By weight, mature bone matrix is mostly ____ material.

Answer 20

Inorganic

Question 21

Which type of component of bone gives bone it weight-bearing strength?

Answer 21

Inorganic

Question 22

Three types of bone cells are osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and _____.

Answer 22

osteocytes

Question 23

Describe the overall composition of bone tissue.

Answer 23

Bone consists of bone cells and matrix. The bone cells create the matrix, which is constantly being maintained and replaced.

Question 23

Hydroxyapatite is what type of matter in bone?

Answer 23

Inorganic

Question 24

What type of cartilage growth occurs when more matrix is made in the center of an existing cartilage?

Answer 24

Interstitial

Question 25

Immature bone cells that produce the organic bone matrix are called ____.

Answer 25

Osteoblasts

Question 26

What would happen to a bone if it were to lose its collagen component?

Answer 26

The bone would be very brittle.

Question 27

The three bone cells.

Answer 27

Osteocytes, Osteoclasts, and Osteoblasts.

Question 28

What type of bone cell acts to concentrate calcium and phosphate ions leading to the formation of hydroxyapatite? Bone-building cells are called ____.

Answer 28

Osteoblasts

Question 29

Bone tissue consists of extracellular bone ____ and bone cells.

Answer 29

Matrix

Question 30

The process of bone formation is called ___.

Answer 30

Ossification

Question 31

Osteoblasts form special membrane-bound sacs that contain hydroxyapatite crystals. These act as seeds that stimulate hydroxyapatite formation and mineralization of the matrix. What are these membrane sacs called?

Answer 31

Matrix Vesicles

Question 31

Mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone are called ____.

Answer 31

Osteocyte

Question 32

What are osteoblasts?

Answer 32

Bone-forming cells that produce and package matrix collagen and proteoglycans

Question 33

Two terms which describe the process of bone formation are ___.

Answer 33

Osteogenesis and Ossification.

Question 34

Osteocyte cell extensions are found in long, narrow spaces called ___. The narrow channels connecting neighboring lacunae are ___.

Answer 34

Canaliculi

Question 35

Hydroxyapatite is what type of matter in bone?

Answer 35

Inorganic

Question 36

What are mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone called?

Answer 36

Osteocytes

Question 37

The bone cell that secretes matrix vesicles is the ____.

Answer 37

Hydroxyapatite

Question 38

The bone cells responsible for the breakdown of bone tissue are called ___.

Answer 38

Osteoclasts

Question 39

Osteoclasts are relatively ___ cells.

Answer 39

Large

Question 40

Where are osteochondral cells located?

Answer 40

Periosteum

Question 41

Lamellar bone is formed ___ woven bone.

Answer 41

after

Question 42

The monocyte/macrophage lineage gives rise to ______.

Answer 42

Osteoclasts

Question 43

____ bone is remodeled from woven bone and its matrix is arranged in distinct layers or sheets known as lamallae.

Answer 43

Lamellar

Question 44

Which bone cells are responsible for bone reabsorption?

Answer 44

Osteoclasts

Question 45

Stem cells in developing bone that give rise to osteoblasts are called ____ progenitor cells.

Answer 45

Osteochondral

Question 46

Bone with randomly oriented collagen fibers formed during fetal development is called ___ bone.

Answer 46

Woven

Question 47

What are the layers of bony matrix in bone tissue called?

Answer 47

Lamallae

Question 48

The bone cells responsible for the breakdown of bone tissue are called Blank______.

Answer 48

Osteoclasts

Question 49

Bone tissue comprised of trabeculae is called ___ bone.

Answer 49

Spongy

Question 50

____ bone is remodeled from woven bone and its matrix is arranged in distinct layers or sheets known as lamellae.

Answer 50

Lamellar

Question 51

In spongy bone, trabeculae are oriented along ___.

Answer 51

The lines of mechanical stress

Question 52

Which bone cells are responsible for bone reabsorption?

Answer 52

Osteoclasts

Question 53

Bone tissue comprised of osteons (Haversian Systems) is called ____ bone.

Answer 53

Spongy

Question 54

The monocyte/macrophage lineage gives rise to ______.

Answer 54

Osteoclasts

Question 55

In spongy bone, the spaces between trabeculae are filled with ____.

Answer 55

Marrow and Blood Vessels

Question 56

An osteon can best be described as a(n) ___.

Answer 56

Central canal and all the concentric lamallae that surround it

Question 57

How do long bones adjust to changes in stress on the bone?

Answer 57

They increase the number of chondrocytes in the red marrow.

Question 57

The type of bone that appears solid and forms the outer layers of each bone is Blank______.

Answer 57

Compact Bone

Question 58

Name the cell type that is a precursor for osteoclasts.

Answer 58

Monocytes

Question 59

Central canals of compact bone contain ______.

Answer 59

Blood Vessels and Nerves.

Question 59

The structure of compact bone that consists of a central canal and all the concentric lamellae that surround it is called a Haversian system or a(n) ___.

Answer 59

Osteon

Question 60

In compact bone, remnants of concentric or circumferential lamellae are called ____ lamellae.

Answer 60

Interstitial

Question 61

True or false: In order to perform the function of bone appropriately, trabeculae are oriented along the lines of stress within a bone.

Answer 61

True