Chapter 6

Question 1

There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers are stratum ______, stratum ______, stratum ______, and stratum basale.

Answer 1

1. corneum
2. Lucidum (extra layer)
3. granulosum
4. spinosum
5. Basale

Question 2

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the ______.

Answer 2

Stratum Corneum

Question 3

The most numerous cells of the epidermis are _____ and the protein they produce is called ____

Answer 3

Keratincytes
Keratin

Question 4

The most superficial layer of the integument is the ______.

Answer 4

Epidermis

Question 5

Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.

Answer 5

Malenocytes

Question 6

In thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. This layer is called the stratum ______.

Answer 6

Stratum Lucidum

Question 7

When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stimulate ______ endings in the dermis.

Answer 7

sensory nerve

Question 8

The first three strata of the epidermis (the deepest layers) consist of _____ keratinocytes, and the most superficial strata contain ______ keratinocytes.

Answer 8

living;dead

Question 9

After a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ______ and it begins to lose its ability to divide.

Answer 9

spinosum

Question 10

The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______.

Answer 10

Stratum Basale

Question 11

The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the ___ of keratinocytes from UV radiation.

Answer 11

nucleus

Question 12

Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called ______.

Answer 12

Tactile cells

Question 13

In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal ______ cells that help to fight infection.

Answer 13

Dendritic

Question 14

True or false: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.

Answer 14

true

Question 15

Within the stratum, granulosum begins a process called ______.

Answer 15

Keratinization

Question 16

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the ______.

Answer 16

Stratum corneum

Question 17

During the process of keratinization, the cell’s ____ and organelles disintegrate and the cells start to die.

Answer 17

Nucleus

Question 18

The most numerous cells of the epidermis are ____ and the protein they produce is called _____

Answer 18

keratinocytes
Keratin

Question 19

Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.

Answer 19

Melanocytes

Question 20

The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.

Answer 20

Thick skin

Question 21

Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata? Choose all that apply.

Answer 21

Spinsoum
Gransulosum

Question 22

______ layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum.

Answer 22

3-5

Question 23

The stratum ______ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells.

Answer 23

Corneum

Question 24

The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.

Answer 24

eleidin

Question 25

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ______ week(s).

Answer 25

4 weeks

Question 26

Hemangiomas are ______ tumors.

Answer 26

benign

Question 27

Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.

Answer 27

dendritic

Question 28

The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein ______.

Answer 28

keratin

Question 29

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.

Answer 29

hypodermis

Question 30

A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ______ that proliferate and form a benign tumor.

Answer 30

blood vessels

Question 31

The connective tissue fibers of the ______ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ______ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.

Answer 31

reticular;epidermis

Question 32

The nails, hair, and exocrine glands of the skin are known as ______.

Answer 32

epidermal appendages

Question 33

Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis.

Answer 33

corneum

Question 34

The release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called

Answer 34

Transpiration

Question 35

The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _______ keratinocytes.

Answer 35

dead

Question 36

The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ______ glands and ______ glands.

Answer 36

sweat;sebaceous

Question 37

Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______.

Answer 37

body;edge

Question 38

When a person is severely burned, a primary danger is ____ because the individual has lost the protective skin barrier and water can escape from body tissues.

Answer 38

infection

Question 39

Hair is found almost everywhere on the body except the sides and ___ of the hands and fingers, the sides and _____ of the feet and toes, the lips, and portions of the external genitalia.

Answer 39

palms; bottom

Question 40

The secretion from merocrine sweat glands is carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into ______.

Answer 40

sweat ducts; hair follicles

Question 41

Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are types of ______ glands of skin.

Answer 41

exocrine

Question 42

The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ______.

Answer 42

merocrine sweat glands

Question 43

Fibrous tissue is also known as ______ tissue.

Answer 43

scar

Question 44

In the development of embryonic skin, the ___ layer gives rise to the epidermis, and the ___ gives rise to the dermis.

Answer 44

basal; mesenchyme

Question 45

The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ______ glands and ______ glands.

Answer 45

sweat; sebaceous

Question 46

Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin.

Answer 46

simple, coiled, and tubular

Question 47

In what two ways are damaged skin tissues normally repaired?

Answer 47

regeneration fibrosis

Question 48

Periderm

Answer 48

layer of cells covering the developing embryonic epithelium

Question 49

vernix caseosa

Answer 49

waterproof protective covering composed of sebum and sloughed off cells

Question 50

mesenchyme

Answer 50

Choicelayer of embryonic cells that develops into the dermis

Question 51

True or false: Regeneration in the skin replaces damaged or dead cells with the same cell type and restores organ function.

Answer 51

true