Chapter 6 Flashcards
Integumentary System
There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers are stratum ______, stratum ______, stratum ______, and stratum basale.
- corneum
- Lucidum (extra layer)
- granulosum
- spinosum
- Basale
The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the ______.
Stratum Corneum
The most numerous cells of the epidermis are _____ and the protein they produce is called ____
Keratincytes
Keratin
The most superficial layer of the integument is the ______.
Epidermis
Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.
Malenocytes
In thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. This layer is called the stratum ______.
Stratum Lucidum
When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stimulate ______ endings in the dermis.
sensory nerve
The first three strata of the epidermis (the deepest layers) consist of _____ keratinocytes, and the most superficial strata contain ______ keratinocytes.
living;dead
After a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ______ and it begins to lose its ability to divide.
spinosum
The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ______.
Stratum Basale
The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the ___ of keratinocytes from UV radiation.
nucleus
Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called ______.
Tactile cells
In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal ______ cells that help to fight infection.
Dendritic
True or false: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.
true
Within the stratum, granulosum begins a process called ______.
Keratinization
The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the ______.
Stratum corneum
During the process of keratinization, the cell’s ____ and organelles disintegrate and the cells start to die.
Nucleus
The most numerous cells of the epidermis are ____ and the protein they produce is called _____
keratinocytes
Keratin
Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.
Melanocytes
The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.
Thick skin
Epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata? Choose all that apply.
Spinsoum
Gransulosum
______ layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum.
3-5
The stratum ______ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells.
Corneum
The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with the protein ______, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.
eleidin
Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ______ week(s).
4 weeks
Hemangiomas are ______ tumors.
benign
Motile cells in the dermis are called ______ cells.
dendritic
The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein ______.
keratin
The subcutaneous layer is also known as the ______ or superficial fascia.
hypodermis
A hemangioma is a congenital anomaly that results in skin discoloration due to ______ that proliferate and form a benign tumor.
blood vessels
The connective tissue fibers of the ______ layer of the dermis are extensively interwoven with those of the ______ layer to stabilize the position of the skin and bind it to the underlying tissues.
reticular;epidermis
The nails, hair, and exocrine glands of the skin are known as ______.
epidermal appendages
Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis.
corneum
The release of water vapor from sweat glands when we are not sweating is a process called
Transpiration
The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of _______ keratinocytes.
dead
The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ______ glands and ______ glands.
sweat;sebaceous
Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______.
body;edge
When a person is severely burned, a primary danger is ____ because the individual has lost the protective skin barrier and water can escape from body tissues.
infection
Hair is found almost everywhere on the body except the sides and ___ of the hands and fingers, the sides and _____ of the feet and toes, the lips, and portions of the external genitalia.
palms; bottom
The secretion from merocrine sweat glands is carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into ______.
sweat ducts; hair follicles
Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are types of ______ glands of skin.
exocrine
The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ______.
merocrine sweat glands
Fibrous tissue is also known as ______ tissue.
scar
In the development of embryonic skin, the ___ layer gives rise to the epidermis, and the ___ gives rise to the dermis.
basal; mesenchyme
The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ______ glands and ______ glands.
sweat; sebaceous
Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin.
simple, coiled, and tubular
In what two ways are damaged skin tissues normally repaired?
regeneration
fibrosis
Periderm
layer of cells covering the developing embryonic epithelium
vernix caseosa
waterproof protective covering composed of sebum and sloughed off cells
mesenchyme
Choicelayer of embryonic cells that develops into the dermis
True or false: Regeneration in the skin replaces damaged or dead cells with the same cell type and restores organ function.
true
