chapter 6

Question 1

metabolic heat production

Answer 1

normal metabolic function results in production of heat

Question 2

conductive heat exchange

Answer 2

physical contact with objects resulting in heat loss or gain

Question 3

convective heat exchange

Answer 3

body heat can be lost or gained depending on circulation of medium

Question 4

radiant heat exchange

Answer 4

comes from sunshine and will cause increase in temperature

Question 5

evaporative heat loss

Answer 5

sweat glands allow water transported to surface

Question 6

preventing heat illness

Answer 6

-common sense and precaution
-consume fluids and stay cool

Question 7

hydration

Answer 7

-during the 24 hrs prior
-urine should be light yellow in color
-dark urine is indication of dehydration

Question 8

dehydration

Answer 8

-occurs when 2% of body weight is lost in fluid
-will impair cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses
-must move individual to cool environment and begin rehydration

Question 9

gradual acclimatization

Answer 9

-most effective method of avoiding heat stress
-early pre season training and graded intensity changes are recommended with progressive exposure over 7-10 day period
-80% of accimatization can be achieved during first 5-6 days with 2 hr morning and afternoon practice sessions

Question 10

identifying susceptible individuals

Answer 10

-large muscle mass
-overweight athletes
-death from heat stroke increases 4:1 as body weight increases
- women are physiologically more efficient with regard body temp regulation
-poor fitness
-history
-febrile
-young
-elderly

Question 11

uniform selection

Answer 11

-base on temp and humidity
-dress for weather and temp
-avoid rubber suit

Question 12

weight records

Answer 12

-keep track of before and after measures for first 2 wks
-if increase in temp and humidity occurs during the season weight should again be recorded

Question 13

monitoring heat index

Answer 13

wet bulb globe temperature index provides objetive measure

Question 14

heat rash

Answer 14

-genign condition associated with red, raised rash, combined with prickling with sweat
-result of continuously wet unevaporated sweat
-continually towel body
-generally localized to areas covered with clothing

Question 15

heat syncope

Answer 15

-associated with rapid fatigue and overexposure standing in heat for long periods of time

Question 16

heat cramps`

Answer 16

-painful muscle spasms due to excessive water loss and electrolyte imbalance
-occurs in individuals in good shape that overexert themselves

Question 17

heat exhaustion

Answer 17

-result of inadequate fluid replacement
-unable to sustain adequate cardiac output
-exhibit signs of profuse sweating, pale skin, dizziness, nauseous

Question 18

heatstroke

Answer 18

-serious life threatening condition with unknown specific cause

Question 19

malignant hyperthermia

Answer 19

muscle disorder causing hypersensitivity to anesthesia and heat

Question 20

acute exertional rhabdomyolysis

Answer 20

sudden catabolic destruction and degeneration of skeletal muscle `

Question 21

sickle cell trait reaction

Answer 21

when hemoglobin is deoxygenated cells clump together causing blood cell to develop sickle shape making it easy to destroy. causes enlarged spleen and could rupture at high altitudes

Question 22

exertional hyponatremia

Answer 22

-fluid/electrolyte disorder resulting in abnormally low concentration of sodium in blood
-caused by ingesting too much fluid before, during, and after exercise

Question 23

hypothermia

Answer 23

-cold weather vs nature of a particular sport
-problems arise when heat lost exceeds heat production via metabolism

Question 24

frost nip

Answer 24

-involves ears, nose, chin, fingers, and toes
-occurs with high wind and/or severe cold
-skin appears firm with cold painless areas that may peel and blister
-treat with firm pressure, blowing warm air or hards in armpits

Question 25

frostbite

Answer 25

-chilblains result from prolonged exposure causing redness and swelling, tingling pain in toes and fingers due to poor peripheral circulation

Question 26

acute mountain sickness

Answer 26

-experience headachem nausea, vomiting, sleep disturbance, and dyspnea
-caused by brain disruption association with sodium potassium imbalance resulting in fluid retention and cellular pressure changes

Question 27

altitude pulmonary edema

Answer 27

-occurs sat 9000-10000 feet
-lungs accumulate fluid in alveolar walls forming pulmonary edema
-treat by moving athlete to lower altitude providing oxygen

Question 28

high altitude cerebral edema (HACE)

Answer 28

-usually occurs in conjunction with other life threatening conditions that can lead to coma or death
-result of increased cerebral edema due to increased cerebral blood flow which is cause by increased permeability of cerebral endothelium when exposed to hypoxia

Question 29

photochemical haze

Answer 29

nitrogen dioxide and stagnant air acted on by sunlight to produce ozone

Question 30

smog

Answer 30

combination of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter

Question 31

ozone

Answer 31

formed by the action of sunlight on carbon based chemicals (hydrocarbons) in combination with nitrogen dioxides