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Cloud Computing > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

is a virtualization technology used to deploy and run applications and services without the need to deploy a virtual server for each solution

A

Containerization

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2
Q

The simplified and flexible deployment architecture established by containerization can directly support… and …

A

Cost reduction
Business agility business drivers of cloud computing

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3
Q

The operating system programs used to support the execution and activve operation of apps are referred to as

A

runtime

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4
Q

The component responsible for creating and running multiple virtual servers from a physical server

A

hypervisor

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5
Q

Two types of virtualization

A

Type - 1(Hypervisor based) - no OS on physical hardware
Type - 2(OS based) - physical hardware has OS and may have hypervisor

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6
Q

is a virtualized hosting environmnt that can be optimized to provide only the resources required for its software program

A

container

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7
Q

Container image

A

pre-defined template that is used to create deployed containers

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8
Q

Container engine

A

referred to as containerization engine, is responsible for creating containers based on pre-defined container images

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9
Q

Two planes of container engine

A

management - tools to adminstrators to manages the environment
control - remaining functions that the engine carries out automatically

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10
Q

Pod

A

also known as a logical pod container is a special type of system container that can be used to host a single container or group of containers that have shared storage / network res, and configuration

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11
Q

…environment where a container is deployed

A

host(node / server)

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12
Q

Containers can be deployed on hosts without being clustered into a pod

A

True

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13
Q

Within clustering envs host servers are referred as

A

nodes

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14
Q

Common type of host clusters

A

Load balanced cluster - distributes workloads
High availability cluster - system availability incase of failure
Scaling cluster - supports vertical / horizontal scaling

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15
Q

Containers within the same host can communicate using … and containers within different hosts can communicate using …

A

Local host network and Overlay network

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16
Q

Containerization benefits

A

Solution optimization - customizable isolated solution with minimal footprint
Enhanced scalability - low resource consumption allows for rapid scaling
Enhanced resiliency - new instances can be configured in case of failure
Enhanced deployment speed - faster than vms
Version support
Enhanced Portability

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17
Q

Containerization Risks

A

Lack of Isolation from Host OS
Container Attack Threat(sharing of underlying OS kernel)
Increased Complexity
Increased administrative overhead

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18
Q

A single container can host a single software program only

A

False

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19
Q

Containers in a pod share the same IP

A

true

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20
Q

Containers in a pod communicate how

A

inter-process communication

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21
Q

Pods further provide special containerization capabilities such as

A

Container chains
Orchestration
Scaling

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22
Q

Containers in a pod have a common storage access

A

True

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23
Q

The common storage available to containers in a pod is referred to as .. and presented as..

A

Volume, File System

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24
Q

Instances of containers that are hosted are called

A

Replicas

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25
Q

Container clusters

A

are pools of container instances that are instantiated in advance of their actual usage

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26
Q

Refers to the process of managing software packages and dependencies within containerized applications

A

Container package management

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27
Q

tool that makes containerized application packaging and distribution easier

A

Container package manager

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28
Q

Container deployment file

A

also referred as a package, contains the deployment workflow logic

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29
Q

Deployment optimizer program

A

program that runs before the container package manager carries out the deployment workflow and assess available hosts in the cluster to determine the optimal destination for the container to be deployed

30
Q

Additional factors that the deployment optimizer program considers

A
  • hardware and software policy limitations
  • affinity and anti-affinity specifications
  • data locality
  • inter-workload interference
31
Q

In containerization, deployment optmization is referred to

A

scheduling

32
Q

The container package manager coordinates the deployment of containers, as per the deployment workflow logic provided in the package and the host deployment instructions it receives from the deployment optimizer.

A

True

33
Q

Container Orchestration

A

process of automating the deployment, scaling and management of containerized applications in a distributed computing environement

34
Q

Key operations of a container orchestrator

A
  • Deployment
  • Load Balancing
  • Scaling
  • Health Monitoring
  • Service discovery
  • ” Orchestration
  • Network Orchestration
  • Config Management
35
Q

Key components of a container orchestrator

A

Container Runtime
API Server
Scheduler
Controller Manager
Distributed Key-Value Store
Networking
Storage

36
Q

Container Runtime

A

responsible for running and managing containers on each node

37
Q

API Server

A

central interface for interacting with the orchestrator

38
Q

Responsible for decideing which node in the cluster to deploy a new container to

A

Scheduler

39
Q

Controller Manager

A

managing various controllers

40
Q

used by the orchestrator to store configuration, service discovery info

A

Distributed Key-value store

41
Q

a component that provide necessary network infrastructure(routing and load balancing)

A

Networking

42
Q

component that manages the persistent storage needs of containers, including providing access to shared storage resources and ensuring data integrity

A

storage

43
Q

Basic steps in a container orchestrator

A
  1. Create image
  2. Push image to container registry
  3. Define the application deployment(config)
  4. Deploy the application
  5. Monitor and manage
  6. Manage multiple apps
44
Q

…central remote repository of container images

A

Container registry

45
Q

Container Package manager vs Orchestrator

A

Function - CPM is responsible for managing images and dependencies, while Orch is responsible for automating deployment, scaling and management
Scope - CPM on managing images, Orch manage containerized apps
Level of abstraction - CPM at lower level of abstrraction than Orch
Toolset - CPM provide limited set of tools on managing images.

46
Q

A container network provides capabilities in support of

A

Availability
Scalability
Flexibility

47
Q

The scope of a container network is usually equal to the scope

A

of the solution

48
Q

Containers require separate network addresses if they participate in different networks

A

True

49
Q

Network addresses are assigned by

A

the container engine or administrator

50
Q

Rich containers

A

Containers that are feature-rich

51
Q

Feature-rich container features

A
  • Limiting resource consumption
  • Logs
  • Restart criteria
  • Storage management
  • Proxy features
52
Q

Further container chx

A
  • Numerous supporting programs can be hosted in a container
  • Infrastructure needs can be limited
  • Visibility of external resources can be limited
  • App and container lifecycle are in sync
53
Q

Two primary types of container images

A

Base
Customized

54
Q

Base container images

A

act as templates for customized container images. referred to as partial container images

55
Q

Customized container images

A

are created by the container engine, which then uses them to create actual, deployed containers.

56
Q

Key characteristic of container images

A

Immutability

57
Q

Operating system abstraction

A

base container image provides a subset of functions of the underlying os

58
Q

the OS kernel abstracted by container images

A

False

59
Q

How do containers interact with the kernel of the OS

A

through container engines

60
Q

Container build file

A

human-editable, machine-processable configuration file that specifies what belongs in (or what is abstracted by) a customized container image

61
Q

The build file identifies

A
  • Base container image for the customized image
  • Additional OS resources to be abstracted or added
  • Container networks that the container needs to participate in
62
Q

The containerization platform uses … file system as the basis of container image layering

A

union

63
Q

A software program that will be hosted by the container can be seen as an image layer

A

true

64
Q

How customized container images are created

A

The administrator authors a build file for the container
The administrator provides the build file to the container engine
The container engine retrieves the required base container image from the image registry
The container engine then uses the base container image and the information from the build file to create a new customized container image from which it then generates and deploys

65
Q

Where is customized container image usually stored

A

in the container engine internal memory or storage for efficient access

66
Q

Types of Multi-container types

A

Sidecar container
Adapter container
Ambassador container

67
Q

Sidecar container

A

a secondary containerized app component that is added to abstract utility logic-related processing. can be deployed as a separate container

68
Q

Adapter container

A

a secondary containerized app component to take care of data conversion logic

69
Q

Ambassador container

A

a secondary containerized app component to take care of communication processing logic

70
Q
A

Cloud Computing (3 decks)

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