chapter 6 Flashcards
what is cellular respiration?
the process by which organisms use oxygen to break down large molecules to get ATP for cell functions
where does glycolysis occur and how many atp does it product?
cytoplasm, 2 ATP
where does kreb cycle occur and how many atp does it product?
matrix, 2 ATP
where does electron transport chain occur and how many atp does it product?
cristae, 26-28 ATP
what are the inputs of glycolysis?
glucose, ADP+Pi, NAD+H
what are the outputs of glycolysis?
pyruvate, ATP, NADH
what is the importance of glycolysis?
the pyruvate and NADH produced is used to make more ATP in other stages
what are the inputs of the krebs cycle?
acetyl-coA (from pyruvate), ADP+Pi, NAD+H, FAD+H
what are the outputs of the krebs cycle?
CO2, ATP, NADH, FADH2
what are the inputs of the electron transport chain?
O2, ADP+Pi, NADH, FADH2
what are the outputs of the electron transport chain?
H2O, ATP, NAD+H, FAD+H
what is anaerobic cellular respiration?
process of respiration when there is no oxygen
what are the disadvantages of anaerobic cellular respiration?
it is less efficient, low ATP yield
what is the process of anaerobic cellular respiration in ANIMALS?
lactic acid fermentation, has glycolysis, pyruvate converted to lactic acid
what are the inputs of lactic acid fermentation?
Glucose, ADP+Pi
what are the outputs of lactic acid fermentation?
ATP, lactic acid
what is the process of anaerobic cellular respiration in PLANTS AND YEAST?
alcohol fermentation, has glycolysis, pyruvate coverts to ethanol
what are the inputs of alcohol fermentation?
glucose, ADP+Pi
what are the outputs of alcohol fermentation?
ATP, CO2, ethanol
how does glucose concentration affect the rate of respiration?
Increasing glucose will increase respiration rate until a maximum level is reached when the enzymes within the cells are operating at their maximum capacity. Plateau graph
how does oxygen concentration affect the rate of respiration?
As oxygen levels rise, the respiration rate increases.
More oxygen results in faster ATP production
At a certain point, adding more oxygen does not increase the rate of respiration further as the enzymes are working at their maximum. Plateau graph
how does temperature affect the rate of respiration?
respiration rate and ATP production are greatest when the temperature aligns with the enzyme’s optimal temperature. Lower = slower activity, higher = denatures
what are the steps to making biofuels?
1) destruction - break down the cell wall and cellulose, increasing surface area for fermentation.
2) digestion by enzymes -converts to glucose
3) ethanol fermentation - producing ethanol as a product
4) purification and dehydration - undergoes distillation to remove water, converting it into biofue
