chapter 6

Question 1

what is cellular respiration?

Answer 1

the process by which organisms use oxygen to break down large molecules to get ATP for cell functions

Question 2

where does glycolysis occur and how many atp does it product?

Answer 2

cytoplasm, 2 ATP

Question 3

where does kreb cycle occur and how many atp does it product?

Answer 3

matrix, 2 ATP

Question 4

where does electron transport chain occur and how many atp does it product?

Answer 4

cristae, 26-28 ATP

Question 5

what are the inputs of glycolysis?

Answer 5

glucose, ADP+Pi, NAD+H

Question 6

what are the outputs of glycolysis?

Answer 6

pyruvate, ATP, NADH

Question 7

what is the importance of glycolysis?

Answer 7

the pyruvate and NADH produced is used to make more ATP in other stages

Question 8

what are the inputs of the krebs cycle?

Answer 8

acetyl-coA (from pyruvate), ADP+Pi, NAD+H, FAD+H

Question 9

what are the outputs of the krebs cycle?

Answer 9

CO2, ATP, NADH, FADH2

Question 10

what are the inputs of the electron transport chain?

Answer 10

O2, ADP+Pi, NADH, FADH2

Question 11

what are the outputs of the electron transport chain?

Answer 11

H2O, ATP, NAD+H, FAD+H

Question 12

what is anaerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 12

process of respiration when there is no oxygen

Question 13

what are the disadvantages of anaerobic cellular respiration?

Answer 13

it is less efficient, low ATP yield

Question 14

what is the process of anaerobic cellular respiration in ANIMALS?

Answer 14

lactic acid fermentation, has glycolysis, pyruvate converted to lactic acid

Question 15

what are the inputs of lactic acid fermentation?

Answer 15

Glucose, ADP+Pi

Question 16

what are the outputs of lactic acid fermentation?

Answer 16

ATP, lactic acid

Question 17

what is the process of anaerobic cellular respiration in PLANTS AND YEAST?

Answer 17

alcohol fermentation, has glycolysis, pyruvate coverts to ethanol

Question 18

what are the inputs of alcohol fermentation?

Answer 18

glucose, ADP+Pi

Question 19

what are the outputs of alcohol fermentation?

Answer 19

ATP, CO2, ethanol

Question 20

how does glucose concentration affect the rate of respiration?

Answer 20

Increasing glucose will increase respiration rate until a maximum level is reached when the enzymes within the cells are operating at their maximum capacity. Plateau graph

Question 21

how does oxygen concentration affect the rate of respiration?

Answer 21

As oxygen levels rise, the respiration rate increases.
More oxygen results in faster ATP production
At a certain point, adding more oxygen does not increase the rate of respiration further as the enzymes are working at their maximum. Plateau graph

Question 22

how does temperature affect the rate of respiration?

Answer 22

respiration rate and ATP production are greatest when the temperature aligns with the enzyme’s optimal temperature. Lower = slower activity, higher = denatures

Question 23

what are the steps to making biofuels?

Answer 23

1) destruction - break down the cell wall and cellulose, increasing surface area for fermentation.

2) digestion by enzymes -converts to glucose

3) ethanol fermentation - producing ethanol as a product

4) purification and dehydration - undergoes distillation to remove water, converting it into biofue