CHAPTER 6 Flashcards
Write out the equation for cellular (aerobic) respiration
6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
define glycolysis. where does it take place?
-glucose is broken down to form two pyruvic acid molecules (Intermediate chemical) → is to make ATP (only 2 ATP molecules)
-Where? in the cytoplasm of the cell; with or without O2 (does not require oxygen)
define critic acid cycle. where does it take place?
-it completes the breakdown of glucose→ makes CO2 (opposite of the calvin cycle) → is to make ATP (only 2 ATP molecules)
-Where? In the mitochondria → in the fluid; as soon as it takes place in the mitochondria it will require O2
define electron transport chain. where does it take place?
-electrons are being transported to oxygen; makes 34 ATP molecules (MOST ATPs are produced)
-Where? In the mitochondria but in the inner membrane (has folds = more surface area = more ATP)
what are the three steps of cellular respiration? how much ATP is made through this process?
-Glycolysis:2 ATP
-Citric acid cycle:2 ATP
-Electron transport chain:34 ATPs
-total for every one glucose makes 38 ATP
what is fermentation? how much ATP is produced?
anaerobic respiration which is without the presence of oxygen. only produces 2 ATPs which is inefficient.
what are the two types of fermentation?
-Lactic acid fermentation
-Alcohol fermentation
what is lactic acid fermentation? how much ATP is made? what organisms use it?
-start with glucose and the end products produced by this are lactic acid and ATP (no CO2 is produced).
-EX: bacteria, muscle cells with extreme exercise will run out of O2 so they convert to lactic acid fermentation (painful). Lactic acid→ yogurt, sourcream
what is alcohol fermentation? how much ATP is made? what organisms use it?
-start with glucose and the end products produced by this are 2 ATPS, alcohol, and CO2.
-EX: yeast (eukaryotic → fungi) which is used in the brewing of beer and wine, also baking bread.
