Chapter 6 Flashcards
Potential energy
Ex gasoline
A type of stored energy
Energy
The ability to do work
Kinetic energy
Energy of motion
Energy can
But it can’t be
Can be transferred to a different object or transformed into another type
Can’t be created or destroyed
What is the original source of food energy for most living organisms on earth
The sun
Fossil fuels
Are energy sources created over a long period of time by the decay of organisms such as plants and tiny animals
Years of compression results in pockets of fossil fuels in the form of coal, oil and natural gas
Renewable energy
Energy that is replenished naturally and quickly
Ex sun wind and water
Nonrenewable energy
Energy sources that can not be replaced in a short amount of time
Ex. Fossil fuels like coal natural gas or oil
2 main energy challenged our wold faces
- many people still don’t have acess to reliable forms of energy
- majority of the world’s energy is supplied by oil, coal, and natural gas - Nonrenewable energy forms
Greenhouse gas
It prevents reflective sunlight from leaving the earth’s atmosphere which as a result enhances earth’s natural greenhouse effect
Greenhouse effect
Named for its similarity to the way a greenhouse traps sunlight to increase te temp.
As more greenhouse house gases accumulate the temp of the earth increases
Electricity
A secondary form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles
(another form of energy ex. Coal or wind must be used to produce it)
What was one of the first advancements made in energy
Utilization of fire
Fission
The process of atoms being spilt Ito smaller atoms to produce alf of energy
Radiation
A type of energy given off by nuclear fission that can cause damage to cells, cancer and death
Oil
Used in transportation (disel/ gasoline/jet fuel)
Used in products like plastic milk jugs, cosmetics, road materials medicine
Benifit: it is energy dense
Energy density
Describes the amount of energy stored in a given volume of space
Natural gas
Used in heat sources
Used in fertilizers plastics glue and paint
Found from underground rock by drilling wells
- cleanest fossil fuel
taken out of porous rock by fracking
Coal
Burned to produce electricity and manufacture products (like steal)
Extracted by mining
Cons - affect human health, damage environment and climate change
Nuclear energy
Energy stored within the nucleus of atoms. -happens when the atoms split - primary fuel: uranium Con: radiation Electricity , steam created Electricity Doesn't produce greenhouse gases
Water/ hydroelectric power
Refers to the kinetic energy of moving water
- relies on turbines or hydroelectric power plants
Creates electricity
Cons. Building large dams have hight $ ecological and social costs
Biomass / bioenergy
Common forms of biomass:
Is recently living organic material that can be used as a fuel source
-burn biomass for electricity, heat, fuels to run cars,
Common forms of biomass: wood, animal dung, grasses or algae
CO2 released by burning biomass was recently absorbed from the atmosphere
Vs fossil fuels which releases CO2 that hasn’t been in the atmosphere for billions of yrs.
Must replant biomass for it to be sustainable
Biodiesel
A type of fuel made by combine oil with ethanol or methanol
When used in farm machinery it produce less greenhouses gases then petroleum based disel
Wind
- produced because the sun heats the surface of the earth unevenly, caused air to circulate
- wind turns blades in a wind turbine turns mechanical action into electricity
Con. Wind is not consistent and speed can not be controlled, require a lot of land
Geothermal
Comes from heat produced in the earth’s core
- used to produce heat or generate electricity
Solar energy
Comes from the sun!
- solar cells used to capture and sunlight & convert it to electricity
Con. Sunlight not consistent or steady
Energy efficiency
Refers to completing a specific task with less energy than usual
Ex using LED lights
