Chapter 6

Question 0

Ionic bonding

Answer 0

Chemical bonding that results from the electrical attraction between large numbers of cations and anions

Question 1

Chemical bonding

Answer 1

A mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and the valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together

Question 2

Covalent bonding

Answer 2

Results from the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms

Question 3

Nonpolar Covalent bond

Answer 3

A covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms, resulting in a balanced distribution of electrical charge

Question 4

Polar Covalent bond

Answer 4

Is a covalent bond in which the bonded atoms have an unequal attraction for the shared electrons

Question 5

Polar

Answer 5

Meaning that they have in uneven distribution of charge

Question 6

Electronegativity

Answer 6

The ability to attract an electron

Question 7

Molecule

Answer 7

Is a neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds

Question 8

Molecular compound

Answer 8

A chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules

Question 9

Chemical formula

Answer 9

Indicates the relative numbers of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound by using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts

Question 10

Molecular formula

Answer 10

Shows the types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound

Question 11

Diatomic molecule

Answer 11

Is a molecule containing only two atoms

Question 12

Bond length

Answer 12

The distance between two bonded atoms at the minimum potential energy, that is, the average distance between two bonded atoms

Question 13

Bond energy

Answer 13

Is the energy required to break a chemical bond and form a neutral isolated atoms

Question 14

Octet rule

Answer 14

Chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons, has an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level

Question 15

Lone pair

Answer 15

Is a pair of electrons that is not involved in bonding and that belongs exclusively to atom

Question 16

Lewis structures

Answer 16

Formulas in which atomic symbols represent nuclei and inner-shells electrons, dot-pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent electron pairs in covalent bonds and dots adjacent to only one atomic symbol represent unshared electrons

Question 17

Structural formula

Answer 17

Indicates the kind, number, arrangement, and bonds but not the unshared pairs of the atoms in a molecule

Question 18

Single bond or single covalent bond

Answer 18

Is a covalent bond produced by the sharing of one pair of electrons between two atoms

Question 19

Electron–dot notation

Answer 19

Is an electron–configuration notation in which only the valence electrons of an atom of a particular element are shown, indicated by dots placed around the element’s symbol

Question 20

Double bond

Answer 20

Is a covalent bond produced by the sharing of two pairs of electrons between two atoms

Question 21

Triple bond

Answer 21

Is a covalent bond produced by the sharing of three pairs of electrons between two atoms

Question 22

Multiple bonds

Answer 22

Double and triple bonds are referred to as multiple bonds

Question 23

Resonance

Answer 23

Refers to bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correct represented by a single Lewis structure

Question 24

Ionic compound

Answer 24

Is composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the members of positive and negative charges are equal

Question 25

Formula unit

Answer 25

Is the simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compound’s formula can be established

Question 26

Lattice energy

Answer 26

Is the energy released when one mole of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseous ions

Question 27

Polyatomic ion

Answer 27

A charged group of covalently bonded atoms

Question 28

Metallic bonding

Answer 28

The chemical bonding that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons

Question 29

Malleability

Answer 29

Is the ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into the thin sheets

Question 30

Ductility

Answer 30

Is the ability of a substance to be drawn, pulled, or extruded through a small opening to produce a wire

Question 31

Molecular polarity

Answer 31

The uneven distribution of molecular charge

Question 32

VSEPR theory

Answer 32

States that repulsion between the sets of valence-level electrons surrounding an atom causes these sets to be oriented as far apart as possible

Question 33

Intermolecular forces

Answer 33

The forces of attraction between molecules

Question 34

Dipole

Answer 34

Is created by equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance

Question 35

Dipole-Dipole forces

Answer 35

The forces of attraction between polar molecules

Question 36

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 36

The intermolecular force in which a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to an unshared pair of electrons of an electronegative atom in a nearby molecule

Question 37

London dispersion forces

Answer 37

The intermolecular attractions resulting from the constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous dipoles