Chapter 6

Question 1

According to Hobbes humans are innately

Answer 1

humans are naturally selfish

Question 2

According to Hobbes from where does morality come?

Answer 2

moral rules

Question 3

According to Hobbes what is the world called where there are no social rules?

Answer 3

the state of nature.

Question 4

According to Hobbes in the state of nature…

Answer 4

1) there is continual fear. 2) danger of violent death.

3) the life of humans is solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.

Question 5

For Hobbes which of the following makes the state of nature awful?

Answer 5

a. equality of need.
b. scarcity.
c. essential equality of human power.
d. limited altruism.
e. all of the above.

Question 6

According to Hobbes when governments collapse

Answer 6

There is a constant state of war, of one with all.

Question 7

According to Hobbes there is no escape of the war of all with all

Answer 7

without a strong overarching authority to maintain peace.

Question 8

What name does Hobbes give to the powerful head of a state?

Answer 8

Leviathan.

Question 9

According to Hobbes to escape the state of nature

Answer 9

people must agree on rules to govern their interactions.

Question 10

According to Hobbes the agreement made to escape the state of nature is called

Answer 10

The social contract.

Question 11

Describe the 3 different views we discussed in class of the state of nature.

Question 12

Social Contract Theory explains

Answer 12

both the purpose of morality and the purpose of the state.

Question 13

According to Hobbes morality consists in the set of rules

Answer 13

that rational people will accept, on the condition that others accept them as well.

Question 14

The strength of social contract theory is

Answer 14

the morally binding rules are ones that facilitate harmonious social living.

Question 15

Why is it rational for us to follow moral rules?

Answer 15

We benefit from living in a place where the rules are accepted.

Question 16

When someone breaks the rules

Answer 16

this releases us from our obligations to him/her.

Question 17

. According to Social contract theory

Answer 17

attaching sanctions to rules is the only way to enforce them.

Question 18

Prisoner’s dilemma was developed in the 1950’s As another way of

Answer 18

As another way of arriving at Social Contract Theory.

Question 19

The conditions of the prisoner’s dilemma are:

Answer 19

a. You live in a totalitarian society
b. You are arrested and charged with treason.
c. You are accused of plotting against the government with a man named Smith, who is being held in a separate cell.
d. The interrogator demands you confess, but you protest your innocence ; you don’t even know Smith.
e. Your captors aren’t interested in the truth, they just want to convict someone.

Question 20

In the prisoners dilemma you are offered the following deal

Answer 20

1. If Smith does not confess, but you confess and testify against him, they will release you.
2. If Smith confesses but you don’t, the situation will be reversed-he will go free while you get 10 years.
3. If you both confess, you will each be sentenced to 5 years.
4. If neither of you confesses, there won’t be enough evidence to convict either of you. They can hold you for a year, but then they will have to let both of you go.

Question 21

pd Given these circumstances what should you do?

Answer 21

No matter what Smith does you should confess.

Question 22

The problem of prisoner’s dilemma is, assuming you want to spend as little time jail as possible

Answer 22

What should you do.

Question 23

With prisoner’s dilemma Smith is being offered the same deal as you, so

Answer 23

. Smith will confess.

Question 24

With prisoner’s dilemma suppose you could communicate with Smith, you could then deal with him

Answer 24

1) you would then agree that neither of you would confess. 2) cooperating would not get either of you free immediately but it would be a better result than if you didn’t cooperate.

Question 25

With prisoner’s dilemma suppose you could communicate with Smith, you could then agree with him, but for your agreement with him to work:

Answer 25

The agreement must be enforceable.

Question 26

The only way out of the prisoners dilemma is

Answer 26

Is with an enforceable agreement.