CHapter 6 Flashcards
Question: According to the text, what type of intervention has been successfully used to enhance support and offset stressors for children or youth lacking social support?
a) Counseling sessions
b) Medication therapy
c) Mentoring programs
d) Group therapy
Answer: c) Mentoring programs
Question: The text mentions that comprehensive community-wide initiatives have been used to address various issues. What is a major focus of these interventions?
a) Individual counseling
b) Building community capacities
c) Medication distribution
d) Restricting social activities
Answer: b) Building community capacities
Question: What makes it challenging to determine the effectiveness of a prevention program when transferred to different settings in the “real world”?
a) Lack of community support
b) Variable contextual factors
c) Insufficient research funding
d) Overwhelming program models
Answer: b) Variable contextual factors
Question: According to the text, what factors affect program implementation processes in community psychology?
a) Number of researchers involved
b) Community demographics
c) Availability of technology
d) Seasonal changes
Answer: b) Community demographics
Question: In the field of community psychology, what does fidelity refer to?
a) Program efficiency
b) Adaptation flexibility
c) Correspondence to the original program model
d) Cultural diversity
Answer: c) Correspondence to the original program model
Question: According to Durlak and DuPre (2008), what relationship did they find between fidelity and program outcomes in their review?
a) Negative relationship
b) No correlation
c) Positive relationship
d) Variable relationship
Answer: c) Positive relationship
Question: What do Hawe, Shiell, and Riley (2004) suggest regarding the balance between fidelity and adaptation in program implementation?
a) Fidelity is more important than adaptation
b) Adaptation should be prioritized
c) The right mix of fidelity and adaptation is essential
d) Both fidelity and adaptation are irrelevant
Answer: c) The right mix of fidelity and adaptation is essential
Question: According to Nation and colleagues (2003), what are the characteristics consistently associated with greater effectiveness in prevention programs?
a) Randomness and unpredictability
b) Narrow focus and limited methods
c) Comprehensive and theory-driven
d) Isolation and lack of evaluation
Answer: c) Comprehensive and theory-driven
Question: What are the nine characteristics identified by Nation and colleagues (2003) as consistently associated with greater effectiveness in prevention programs?
a) Theoretical components
b) Randomized factors
c) Superficial elements
d) Core elements, such as comprehensive and theory-driven
Answer: d) Core elements, such as comprehensive and theory-driven
Question: What is a criticism of professionally-driven prevention approaches, according to the text?
a) They empower communities
b) They focus on community strengths
c) They may create dependencies on service systems
d) They prioritize community values
Answer: c) They may create dependencies on service systems
Question: According to Miller and Shinn (2005), what approach should prevention researchers take to better serve the field?
a) Top-down approaches
b) Community partnership and learning from communities
c) Academic wisdom only
d) Deficit-focused strategies
Answer: b) Community partnership and learning from communities
Question: What is an example of a successful community partnership approach mentioned in the text?
a) Theoretical Beginnings, Theoretical Futures
b) Better Beginnings, Better Futures
c) Academic Origins, Academic Success
d) Nelson’s Wisdom Project
Answer: b) Better Beginnings, Better Futures
Question: According to Nelson et al. (2000), what are the proposed steps for value-based partnerships in prevention programs?
a) Exclusion, non-participation, and control
b) Inclusion, participation, and control by disadvantaged people
c) Academic design, community exclusion, and researcher control
d) Professional-driven planning, community participation, and academic control
Answer: b) Inclusion, participation, and control by disadvantaged people
Question: According to Albee (1986, 1996, 1998), what does a social justice approach to prevention aim to address?
a) Individual behavior only
b) Causes of the causes through social change efforts
c) Prevention programs exclusively
d) Local community structures
Answer: b) Causes of the causes through social change efforts
Question: How does the text suggest prevention should encompass social change beyond individual and community levels?
a) By focusing solely on programs
b) By neglecting social policies
c) By advocating for change in social and economic policies
d) By avoiding macro-level interventions
Answer: c) By advocating for change in social and economic policies
Question: According to the text, what is a major structural cause of psychosocial problems that prevention should address?
a) Educational disparities
b) Cultural differences
c) Economic inequality
d) Social policies
Answer: c) Economic inequality
Question: According to Prilleltensky (2012), where does justice belong concerning wellbeing?
a) On the periphery
b) Nowhere
c) In the center
d) In political debates only
Answer: c) In the center
Question: How does community psychology generally define social change?
a) Changes in individual behaviors
b) Changes in local community structures
c) Changes in broader social systems, structures, and institutions
d) Changes in personal beliefs only
Answer: c) Changes in broader social systems, structures, and institutions
Question: According to the text, what is a critical aspect when addressing the issue of homelessness in urban settings?
a) Establishing more homeless shelters
b) Focusing on individual solutions
c) Understanding and addressing root causes
d) Providing temporary care without deeper analysis
Answer: c) Understanding and addressing root causes
Question: Why does the text highlight the example of Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945?
a) To promote fascism
b) To emphasize historical events
c) To illustrate negative social change
d) To support totalitarian regimes
Answer: c) To illustrate negative social change
Question: According to the text, what is the first step towards promoting social change in the direction of justice, equality, and wellbeing?
a) Ignoring root causes
b) Acknowledging something is fundamentally wrong or unfair
c) Focusing solely on downstream solutions
d) Implementing superficial changes
Answer: b) Acknowledging something is fundamentally wrong or unfair
Question: What is the primary goal of first-order change in community psychology?
a) Altering underlying values and assumptions
b) Creating small changes within a system
c) Transforming the entire social context
d) Achieving harmony within existing structures
Answer: b) Creating small changes within a system
Question: How does Seidman (1988) describe ameliorative change in the context of homelessness interventions?
a) A process of tuning existing systems
b) Transforming the fundamental social context
c) Making structural arrangements more efficient
d) Altering underlying values for long-term impact
Answer: a) A process of tuning existing systems
Question: According to the text, what risk is associated with relying solely on ameliorative interventions for issues like homelessness?
a) Undermining long-term gains
b) Radical transformation of the system
c) Ensuring fundamental changes
d) Eliminating the need for transformative changes
Answer: a) Undermining long-term gains
Question: What is a characteristic example of first-order change discussed in the text?
a) Transforming homeless shelters into permanent homes
b) Providing short-term relief through homeless shelters
c) Altering fundamental social conditions
d) Achieving harmony within existing systems
Answer: b) Providing short-term relief through homeless shelters
Question: What is the primary goal of second-order change in community psychology?
a) Creating small adjustments within a system
b) Changing the system itself and its underlying structures
c) Focusing on immediate crisis management
d) Maintaining the existing structures of a system
Answer: b) Changing the system itself and its underlying structures
Question: According to the text, what does a critical analysis of housing insecurity and homelessness reveal about the problem?
a) The problem is inherently unsolvable
b) Differences in material living conditions shaped by public policies
c) Immediate crisis without deeper roots
d) Lack of individual responsibility for homelessness
Answer: b) Differences in material living conditions shaped by public policies
Question: What does the parable about pulling children from the river illustrate in terms of change?
a) Second-order change addressing root causes
b) Maintaining the existing structures of a system
c) First-order change focusing on immediate crisis
d) The inevitability of unsolvable problems
Answer: c) First-order change focusing on immediate crisis
Question: Why is transformative social change described as ultimately political?
a) Avoiding political analysis and critique
b) Reinforcing the status quo
c) Involving strategic attempts to shift power relationships
d) Adhering to the outcomes of existing power structures
Answer: c) Involving strategic attempts to shift power relationships
