Chapter 6

Question 1

what is individualism and it’s assumptions

Answer 1

there is an underlying assumption of “the atomized individual”
“the individual is prior to society”
an example of liberal individualism is locke’s “human beings are naturally free, equal, and independent”

Question 2

what is anti-individualism and it’s assumptions

Answer 2

abide by the customs and traditions they grow up with
upbringing & social context defines us
see communitarianism

Question 3

what is the first of the four views of the extreme liberal individualist?

Answer 3

FIRST assumes that the point of political philosophy is to conceive of principles of justice
principles are abstract and general

Question 4

what is the second of the four views of the extreme liberal individualist?

Answer 4

ECOND individual freedom and equality are of highest importance
rights should protect freedom/equality of individuals

Question 5

what is the third of the four views of the extreme liberal individualist?

Answer 5

THIRD priority of justice, even at the risk of other costs

Question 6

what do communitarians argue about the purpose of political philosophy?

Answer 6

it is to create a vision of good for society and NOT to derive principles of justice, we must create grounds for human society to flourish

Question 7

what is the fourth view of the extreme liberal individualist?

Answer 7

FOURTH any rights, duties, and responsibilities we have are derived from

Question 8

what did philosopher f. h. Bradley argue about a person’s identity?

Answer 8

is so much affected by their social, cultural, and racial surroundings that it barely makes sense to think of someone as an individual at all
“one is born into a station in life, and has the duties applicable to that station” - bradley

Question 9

feminist political philosophy puts limits on …

Answer 9

liberal individualism

Question 10

what did marx argue about right to equality in one respect?

Answer 10

that it does not necessarily fix the inequality in that respect

Question 11

feminists are tempted to deny that women have distinctive needs and rights

Answer 11

this can be seen as tacit admission of inferiority

Question 12

recognition of biological difference does not equal

Answer 12

acceptance of traditional gender roles

Question 13

we are limited in our percepetion of __ roles

Answer 13

gender

Question 14

combining work with family has caused women to

Answer 14

have to work double time

Question 15

broadly, what is affirmative action associated with?

Answer 15

liberal individualism

Question 16

criticisms of affirmative action

Answer 16

t is still discrimination on other grounds, everyone should be treated with merit, beneficiaries of affirmative action will be stigmatized

Question 17

defenses of affirmative action (3)

Answer 17

1. it’s strengthens equal opportunity,
2. social utility - people feel comfortable dealing with their own race,
3. reparation for past injustices

Question 18

affirmitive action is..

Answer 18

only a step towards a more just world, a short term fix

Question 19

feminists should reject.. And not use..

Answer 19

capitalism and not use language of justice

Question 20

What is the first theory for feminists rejecting capitalism?

Answer 20

capitalism as an economic system give rise to male domination, work relations reproduce oppression within the family

Question 21

justice is a gendered concept, what do men seek and what do women seek?

Answer 21

men seek separation and women seek connectedness

Question 21

what is the second theory for feminists rejecting capitalism?

Answer 21

male dominance creates capitalism, equalizing gender roles will bring reform

Question 22

what is the third theory for feminists rejecting capitalism?

Answer 22

patriarchy & capitalism are in a mutual relation, one is intrinsically part of the other ,they reinforce each other simultaneously

Question 23

in seeking connectedness, women..

Answer 23

neglect themselves

Question 24

how does the sense of connectness and separation develop for a girl and a boy?

Answer 24

the boy must separate himself just like the father and the girl must become more connected with the mother during developmental years

Question 25

speculatively, men see justice through the lens of __ and women see justice through the lens of ___

Answer 25

men see justice as a concrete math problem, where as women see justice as a development of relationships over time - the perspective of care

Question 25

what was marx’s critique of liberalism?

Answer 25

it encourages us to view others as limitations to our own freedom - it causes separation and isolation

Question 26

it is problematic, according to marx, that virtues determine interpersonal relationships BUT

Answer 26

political decision making is dominated by “math problems between humans