Chapter 6 Flashcards
What is decision making?
it is the cornerstone of planning; the catalyst that drives the planning process; underlies every aspect of setting goals and formulating
What is planning?
occurs within the an environmental context; is required to guide to achieve goals
What is unique about planning?
all organizations plan, but not in the same fashion; all goals are tied to higher goals and plans
What is the purpose of an organizational goal? 1/4
provides guidance and a unified direction of the people in the organization
What is the purpose of an organizational goal? 2/4
has a strong affect on the quality of other aspects of planning
What is the purpose of an organizational goal? 3/4
to serve as a source of motivation for employees
What is the purpose of an organizational goal? 4/4
provide a mechanism for evaluation and control of the organization
What are the ranks of goals?
strategic (top management), tactical (middle management), and operational (bottom managers)
what is a mission statement?
a statement of an organization’s fundamental purpose
what is a strategic goal?
goals set by and for top management of the organization that address broad, general issues
what is a tactical goal?
set by and for middle managers, their focus is on how to operationalize actions for strategic goals
what is an operational goal?
set by and for lower-level managers to address issues associated with tactical goals
what are the kinds of organizational goals by area?
different functional areas of the organization
what are the kinds of organizational goals by time frame?
long term, intermediate term, or short term time frames and explicit time frames or open-ended
What are the layers of the kinds of organizational goals?
level, area, and time frame
How long is the long-term time frame?
5+ years
How long is the intermediate term time frame?
1-5 years
Who sets the goals in the organization?
all of the managers
What is the managerial responsibility to setting goals?
they should set goals that correspond to the manager’s level in the organization
How do managers seek multiple goals?
optimize
What is optimizing in management?
it allows managers to balance and reconcile inconsistent or conflicting goals
When seeking a mid-range goal what can managers do?
they can pursue one goal and exclude all others
What is the criteria for effective goals?
specific and measurable, cover key result areas, challenging but realistic, defined period of time, linked to rewards
What are the three kinds of organizational plans?
strategic, tactical, and operational
What is a strategic plan?
a general plan set by and and for top management that outlines resource allocation, priorities, and action steps to achieve strategic goals
What is a tactical plan?
a plan aimed at achieving the tactical goals set by and for middle management
what is an operational plan?
short-term focus plans that are set by and for lower-level managers?
What are the time frames for planning?
long range, intermediate, and short range
what is the time dimension of planning?
planning must provide sufficient time to fulfill the managerial commitments involved
What are long range plans?
plans that are covered from a range of 5 years or more
what are intermediate plans?
usually cover from 1-5 years and parallel tactical plans
what are short range plans
operational action and contingency plans of 1 year or less
what is the planning staffs responsibility for planning?
gather information, coordinate planning activities, and take a broader view than individual managers; usually permanent/full time
what is a responsibility for the planning task force?
created when the organization wants a special circumstance addressed; temporary
what is the responsibility for planning for the board of directors?
establish corporate mission and strategy; may engage in strategic planning
What is the responsibility for planning for the CEO?
may serve as the president or board chair; has the major role in planning and implementing the strategy
what is the responsibility for planning for the executive committee?
is composed of top executives; meets regularly with the CEO to review strategic plans
what is the responsibility for planning of the line management?
it has the formal authority for management of the organization; helps formulate strategy by providing information; responsible for executing plans of the top management
what is contingency planning?
the determination of alternative courses of actions to be taken in an intended plan is unexpectedly disrupted or rendered inappropriate; help cope with uncertainty and change
what is crisis management?
the set of procedures the organization uses in the event of a disaster or other unexpected calamity; difficult to anticipate
What did we learn from the Apollo 13 clip?
contingency- the crew had too much carbon dioxide
crisis management- the ground crew was actively figuring out with to do next and how to show them
the circumstance was a standard operations plan of a single use plan
what are the types of operational plans?
single use and standing
what is a single use plan?
single use; not going to happen again
what are the components of a single use plan?
program and project
what is the program aspect of the single use plan?
much broader than the project; large set of activities
what is the project aspect of the single use plan?
less scope of activities for the program; specific activities
what is a standing plan?
a plan developed regularly
what are the aspects of a standing plan?
policy, standing operating procedure, rules and regulations
What is the policy aspect of the standing plan?
the general response to a designed policy or situation
what is the standard operating procedure of the standing plan?
a plan outlining steps to be followed in a particular circumstance
what is are the rules and regulations aspect of the standing plan?
most narrow, for specific activities being carried out; what happens if you do it or don’t
What are the barriers to goal setting and planning?
managers must understand the barriers that can disrupt them, managers must also know how to overcome them
What are some major barriers to the goal setting and planning process?
inappropriate goals, improper reward system, dynamic and complex environment, reluctance to establish goals, resistance to change, constraints
How to overcome barriers of goal setting and planning process
understand the purpose of goals and planning, communication and participation, contingency, revision, and updating, effective reward system
What is the management objective (MBO)?
a technique for integrating formal goal setting and planning by giving subordinates a voice and clarifying what they are expected to accomplish
What are the strengths (success) of effectiveness of formal goal setting?
improved employee motivation, enhances communication, fosters more objective performance appraisals, focuses attention on appropriate goals and plans, helps identify managerial talent, provides a systematic management philosophy, facilitates control of the organization
What are the weaknesses (failure) of effectiveness of formal goal setting?
poor implementation of goal setting, lack on top management support for goal setting, delegation of the goal setting process to lower level, overemphasis on quantitative goals, too much paperwork and record keeping, managerial resistance to goalkeeping
