Chapter 6 Flashcards
………. which is also called thermal noise or Gaussian noise, is a relatively continuous type of noise and is much like the static you hear when a radio is being tuned between two stations.
White noise
What is the interference that makes an analog or digital signal become fuzzy
White noise
………… or noise spike, is a non-continuous noise and one of the most difficult errors to detect because it can occur randomly.
Impulse noise
Typically, this noise is an analog burst of energy.
impulse noise
……… is an unwanted coupling between two different signal paths.
Crosstalk
……….. is the reflective feedback of a transmitted signal as the signal moves
through a medium.
Echo
……….. is the result of small timing irregularities that become magnified during the transmission of digital signals as the signals are passed from one device to another.
Jitter
……….. is the continuous loss of a signal’s strength as it travels through a
medium.
Attenuation
attenuation can be eliminated with the use of …….. for analog systems or repeaters for digital systems.
amplifiers
What is the easiest error-detection method to incorporate into a transmission system. It comes in two basic forms: even parity and odd parity?
Simple parity (aka redundancy check)
The most basic error-detection techniques are ………., which are commonly used with asynchronous connections.
parity checks
With ……. parity, the 0 or 1 added to the string produces an even number of binary 1s.
even
With ……… parity, the 0 or 1 added to the string produces an odd number of binary 1s.
odd
………….. tries to solve the main weakness of simple parity—that all even numbers of errors are not detected.
Longitudinal parity
(aka longitudinal redundancy check or
horizontal parity)
The ………… method typically adds 8 to 32 check bits to potentially large data packets and yields an error-detection capability approaching 100 percent.
cyclic redundancy checksum (CRC),
or cyclic checksum
A ……….. is an industry-approved bit string used to create the cyclic checksum remainder.
generating polynomial
The action that the receiver takes is called what?
error control
What three actions could you take when doing error control?
- Toss the frame/packet.
- Return a message to the transmitter asking it to resend the data packet that
was in error.
-Correct the error without retransmission.
What is a technique usually associated with the stop-and-wait flow control protocol?
Stop-and-wait error control
What protocol and its error-control technique are the oldest, simplest, and thus most restrictive?
Stop-and-wait error control
a flow control scheme that allows a station to transmit a number of data packets at one time before receiving some form of acknowledgmen is called what.
Sliding window error control
A ……….. is a specially designed code in which special check bits have
been added to data bits such that, if an error occurs during transmission, the receiver might be able to correct the error using the included check and data bits.
Hamming code
