Chapter 6

Question 1

________ reactions involve the transfer of energy from the system to the surroundings.

Answer 1

Exothermic

Question 2

________ reactions involve a transfer of energy from the surroundings to the system.

Answer 2

Endothermic

Question 3

Each type of bond has a unique ________ energy, which is the amount of energy necessary to accomplish homolytic bond cleavage.

Answer 3

bond dissociation

Question 4

Entropy is loosely defined as the ________ of a system.

Answer 4

disorder

Question 5

In order for a process to be spontaneous, the change in _______ must be negative.

Answer 5

Gibb’s Free Energy

Question 6

The study of relative energy levels and equilibrium concentrations is called __________

Answer 6

Thermodynamics

Question 7

_______ is the study of reactions rates.

Answer 7

Kinetics

Question 8

________ speed up the reaction by providing an alternate pathway with a lower activation of energy

Answer 8

catalysts

Question 9

On an energy diagram, each peak represents a _______, while each valley represents _________.

Answer 9

transition state, intermediates

Question 10

A _________ has an electron-rich atom that is capable of donating a pair of electrons.

Answer 10

nucleophile

Question 11

An __________ has an electron-deficient atom that is capable of accepting a pair of electrons

Answer 11

electrophile

Question 12

For ionic reactions, there are four characteristic arrow pushing patterns, they are…..

Answer 12

nucleophilic attack, loss of a leaving group, proton transfer, carbocation rearrangement

Question 13

As a result of hyperconjugation, _________ carbocations are more stable than secondary carbocations, which are more stable than _______ carbocations.

Answer 13

tertiary, primary

Question 14

What is the Hammond postulate?

Answer 14

For endothermic reactions, the energy in the transition state will resemble the products, while for exothermic reactions the energy in the transition state will resemble that of the reactants.