CHAPTER 6 Flashcards
This is a series of steps that includes the conceptualization, design, development and marketing of newly created or newly rebranded goods or services.
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Six Phases of Product Development
- IDEA GENERATION
- PRELIMINARY CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
- PRODUCT/PROCESS DEVELOPMENT
- FULL-SCALE PRODUCTION
- MARKET INTRODUCTION
- MARKET EVALUATION
The process in which all major functions involved with bringing a product to market are continuously involved with product development from conception through sales.
CONCURRENT ENGINEERING
It represents a structured approach to product development and a set of tools and methodologies for ensuring that goods and services will meet customer needs and achieve performance objectives, and that the processes used to make and deliver them achieve high levels of quality.
DESIGN FOR SIX SIGMA (DFSS)
DFSS Principal Activities
- CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
- DATAILED DESIGN
- DESIGN OPTIMIZATION
- DESIGN VERIFICATION
It the process of applying scientific, engineering, and business knowledge to produce a basic functional design that meets both customer needs and manufacturing or service delivery requirements.
Concept Development
It involves the adoption of an idea, process, technology, product, or business model that is either new or new to its proposed application.
It was also built upon strong research and development (R&D) processes.
Innovation
seeing things in new or novel ways.
Creativity
What are the creativity tools that are designed to help change the context in which one views a problem or opportunity, thereby leading to fresh perspectives?
BRAINSTORMING AND BRAINWRITING
It is a Russian acronym for Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TIPS)
TRIZ or Teoriya resheniya izobretatelskikh zadach
He is a Russian patent clerk who studied thousands of submissions, and observed patterns of innovation common to the evolution of scientific and technical advances.
He recognized that these concepts could be taught, and he developed some 200 exercises to foster creative problem solving
Develop TRITZ in 1946
Genrich Altshuller
It focuses on establishing technical requirements and specifications, which represent the transition from a designer’s concept to a producible design, while also ensuring that it can be produced economically, efficiently, and with high quality.
Detailed Design
it is based on the premise that good design is governed by laws similar to those in natural science.
Axiomatic Design
Two Classification of Axioms
Independence Axiom: good design occurs when the functional requirements of the design are independent of one another.
Information Axiom: good design corresponds to minimum complexity
is a planning process to guide the design, manufacturing, and marketing of goods by integrating the voice of the customer throughout the organization
Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
it benefits companies through improved communication and teamwork between all constituencies in the value chain, such as between marketing and design, between design and manufacturing, and between manufacturing and quality control.
Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
Building the house of quality
- Identify customer requirements.
- Identify technical requirements.
- Relate the customer requirements to the technical requirements.
- Conduct an evaluation of competing products or services.
- Evaluate technical requirements and develop targets.
- Determine which technical requirements to deploy in the remainder of the production/delivery process.
It consist of nominal dimension and tolerances
Manufacturing Specifications
refers to the ideal dimension or the target value that manufacturing seeks to meet
Nominal
is the permissible variation, recognizing the difficulty of meeting a target consistently.
Tolerance
The reason why nominal and tolerance cannot combine always
5 M’s - Men & women, Materials, Machineries, Method’s and Measurement
involves determining the permissible variation in a dimension.
Tolerance design
tend to raise manufacturing costs, but they also increase the interchangeability of parts within the plant and in the field, product performance, durability, and appearance.
Narrow Tolerances
increase material utilization, machine throughput, and labor productivity, but have a negative impact on product characteristics
Wide Tolerance
defined as the probability that a product, piece of equipment, or system performs its intended function for a stated period of time under specified operating conditions.
Reliability
Key Elements of Reliability
Probability
time
Performance
Operating Condition
2 types of Failure
- Functional Failure
- Reliability Failure
failure after some period of use
Reliability Failure
failure that occurs at the start of product life due to manufacturing or material detects
Functional Failure
the predicted reliability determined by the design of the product or process.
Inherent reliability
the actual reliability observed during use. Could be less than the inherent reliability due to the effects of the manufacturing process and the conditions of use.
Achieved reliability
to designing goods and services that are insensitive to variation in manufacturing processes and when consumers use them.
Robust Design
facilitated by design of experiments to identify optimal levels for nominal dimensions and other tools to minimize failures, reduce defects during the manufacturing process, facilitate assembly and disassembly (for both the manufacturer and the customer), and improve reliability.
Robust Design
identification of all the ways in which a failure can occur, to estimate the effect and seriousness of the failure, and to recommend corrective design actions.
Design failure mode and effects analysis (DFMEA)
Elements of DFMEA
- Failure modes
- Effect of the failure on the customer
- Severity, likelihood of occurrence, and detection rating
- Potential causes of failure
- Corrective Actions or control
ways in which each element or function can fail.
Failure modes
such as dissatisfaction, potential injury or other safety issue, downtime, repair requirements, and so on.
Effect of the failure on the customer
The severity rating is based on how serious the impact would be if the potential failure were to occur.
Severity, likelihood of occurrence, and detection rating
failure-often failure is the result of poor design.
Potential causes of failure
these controls might include changes, mistake proofing, better user instructions, management responsibilities, and target completion dates.
Corrective actions or controls
It sometimes called cause and effect tree analysis, is a method to describe combinations of conditions or events that can lead to a failure.
A cause and effect tree is composed of conditions or events connected by “and” gates and “or” gates.
An effect with an “and” gate occurs only if all of the causes below it occur; an effect with an “or” gate occurs whenever any of the causes occur.
Fault Tree Analysis (FTA),
the process of designing a product for efficient production at the highest level of quality.
Design for Manufacturability (DFM)
an emerging concept that includes many design-related initiatives such as concurrent engineering, design for manufacturability, design for assembly, design for environment, and other “design for” approaches
Design for Excellence (DFX)
sometimes verification is required by government regulation or for legal concerns.
Design Verification
The purpose of a design review is to stimulate discussion, raise questions, and generate new ideas and solutions to help designers anticipate problems before they occur.
Design Reviews
Reliability Testing
- Life testing – run devices until failure occurs
- Accelerated life testing – overstress devices to reduce time to failure
- Highly accelerated life testing - focused on discovering latent defects that would not otherwise be found through conventional methods.
