Chapter 6

Question 1

Comprehension and Production

Question 2

Generativity

Question 3

Nativist Perspective & Noam Chomsky

Answer 3

-Says that children assume much responsibility for learning language

Question 4

Language acquisition device

Answer 4

Innate system that allows children to combine words with consistent grammar and understanding meaning

Question 5

Universal grammar

Answer 5

Proposed set of highly abstract unconscious rules governing grammar in all human languages

Question 6

Support for it (Kanzi, Genie, Critical Period)

Answer 6

Brain structure linked to language
-Broca’s area (production)
-Wernicke’s area (comprehension
Critical Period/ Genie
-If left hemisphere is damaged, the right hemisphere can compensate except grammar

Question 7

Criticisms of it (Ignores social factors)

Answer 7

-Doubts of existence of universal grammar
-Ignores social factors
-

Question 8

Infant-Directed speech (Motherese)

Answer 8

-Short, simple sentences
-Warm tone, high pitch, clear

Question 9

Expansion & Recast

Answer 9

Expansion: Imitation & expanding a child’s statement
Recast: Rendering incomplete sentences into more complex grammatical form

Question 10

(Prelingustic) Prosody (sounds like melody)

Answer 10

Characteristic rhythm, tempo, cadence, melody, etc. with which a language is spoken

Question 11

(Prelingustic) Categorical speech perception

Answer 11

The perception of speech sounds as belonging to discrete categories

Question 12

(Prelingustic) Word segmentation & distributional properties

Question 13

(Prelingustic) Cooing

Answer 13

Drawn out vowel sounds

Question 14

(Prelingustic) Babbling

Answer 14

Repeating strings of sounds comprising a consonant followed by a vowel

Question 15

(Prelingustic) Eye gaze

Answer 15

Gaze to where adult looks

Question 16

(Prelingustic) Gestures (Protodeclaritive vs. protoimperative)

Answer 16

Protodeclarative: used to make statement about an object
Proroimperative: used to get someone to do something they want

Question 17

Phonological Development

Answer 17

Developing ability to attend to sound sequences, produce sounds, and combine sounds

Question 18

(Phonological) Phoneme

Answer 18

Individual unit of speech and sound

Question 19

(Phonological) Early Phase

Answer 19

First sounds start with consonant, end with vowels, are are repeated ( Mama)

Question 20

(Phonological) Toddlers

Answer 20

1. Minimal words are produced
2. Add ending consonants, adjust vowel length, and add unstressed syllables
3. Full word with correct stress pattern but lacks refinement

Question 21

Semantic Development

Answer 21

Semantics: Ways concepts are expressed in words and word combos

Question 22

(Semantic) Vocab spurt

Answer 22

By 18-24 months children learn 1-2 words a day

Question 23

(Semantic) Pragmatic cues

Question 24

(Semantic) Fast mapping

Answer 24

Rapidly learning a new word from the contrastive use of familiar and unfamiliar words

Question 25

(Semantic) Syntactic bootstrapping

Answer 25

Using the grammatical structure of whole sentence to figure out meaning

Question 26

(Semantic) Gender differences

Answer 26

Before 2 years: Girls > Boys
After 2 years: more even

Question 27

(Semantic) Referential vs expressive style

Answer 27

Referential: Vocal consist of object words
Expressive: Vocal consist of social formulas and pronouns

Question 28

(Semantic) Underextension & overextension

Answer 28

Under: Applying words too narrowly
Over: Applying words too broadly

Question 29

Grammatical Development

Question 30

(Grammatical) Syntax & morphology

Question 31

(Grammatical) Holophrastic speech

Answer 31

Child expresses a whole phrase with a single word

Question 32

(Grammatical) Telegraphic speech

Answer 32

Two word utterances

Question 33

(Grammatical) Overregularization

Answer 33

Speech error in which children treat irregular forms of words as if they were regular