chapter 6

Question 1

The first synthetic fiber, nylon, was introduced in

Answer 1

1939 by DuPont

Question 2

noncellulosic manufactured fibers are made from

Answer 2

nonrenewable petrochemicals

Question 3

synthetic biopolymers are made from

Answer 3

renewable resources

Question 4

Global Synthetic Fiber Manufacturers

Answer 4

United States
India
China
Austria
Indonesia
Japan

Question 5

Physical Properties
of synthetic fibers

Answer 5

White, cream, or transparent unless dope dyed or solution dyed,
Spun as filaments, but may be cut to staple length
Spinning process determines cross section, surfacecontour, and diameter
Usuallylustrous, but may be delustered
Texturing process an improve hand, stretch, and insulation

Question 6

Mechanical Properties
of synthetic fibers

Answer 6

Abrasion resistance is good to excellent
Exception → Acrylic has poor abrasion resistance
Good to excellent tenacity (strength)
Natural tendency toward high pilling
Excellent resilience
Generally low specific gravity (lightweight)

Question 7

Chemical Properties
of sythetic fibers

Answer 7

Poor absorbency
Some have good wicking ability
Oleophilic
Good chemical resistance
Heat sensitive
Most melt when exposed to an open flame and usually self-extinguish

Question 8

Environmental Properties

Answer 8

Resistant to mildew, bacteria, moths, carpet beetles, and silverfish
Some may be degraded by sunlight
Mostly are very durable and age well
Exception→ biopolymers

Question 9

Heat Sensitivity advantages

Answer 9

Texturing ispossible
Shrinkage reduction
Creases and pleats can be permanently set
Fabric can be permanently glazed orembossed

Question 10

heat sensitivity disadvantages

Answer 10

Excessive heat can cause shrinkage andholes
Undesirable glazing may occur
Alternations to garments made of heat-sensitive fabrics may be difficult
Seam lines and creases may be impossible to remove

Question 11

Synthetic fibers dominate the textile industry

Answer 11

About 65% of fibers used in fashion items are synthetics

Question 12

Acrylic First developed by

Answer 12

DuPont in the 1940s; Orlon® trademarked in 1950

Question 13

other acrylic trademark names

Answer 13

Dralon®,Drytex®, andToraylon®

Question 14

Physical Properties
of acrylic

Answer 14

Various sizes and shapes (i.e.,dog bone or bean)
Usually delustered with titanium dioxide
Most is crimped (known for wool-like qualities)
Available as staple or tow
Good cover and soft hand

Question 15

mechanical properties of acrylic

Answer 15

Lightweight with low to moderate tenacity (weaker when wet)
Pilling is a major problem
Poor to moderate abrasion resistance
Durabilitysimilar tothat of wool or cotton

Question 16

chemical properties of acrylic

Answer 16

Poor absorbency, but good wicking
Sensitive to heat
Static cling is a problem
Degraded by nitric acid and sodium hydroxide

Question 17

End Uses of acrylic

Answer 17

Lightweight, non-allergic wool substitutes
Hand-knit or crocheted sweaters and beanies
Carpet
Blankets
Awnings
Outdoorfurniture

Question 18

wet spun acrylic

Answer 18

look like beans

Question 19

dry spun acrylic

Answer 19

longer beans, less bent look

Question 20

Modacrylic First produced

Answer 20

in the United States in 1949

Question 21

trademark names of modacrylic

Answer 21

Kanecaron®, Protex®, and Modac™

Question 22

Physical Properties
of modacrylic

Answer 22

Creamy white with an dog-bone or irregular cross section
Can be spun into fine, hair-like fiber
Soft and warm hand

Question 23

chemical properties of modacrylic

Answer 23

Low absorbency and electrical conductivity
Fire retardant
Heat sensitive
High automatic-dryer temperatures can damage
Good resistance to acids; moderate resistance to alkalis

Question 24

Mechanical properties of modacrylic

Answer 24

Moderate strength and abrasion resistance
High pilling propensity
Good resilience and elastic recovery
Moderate dimension stability

Question 25

end uses of modacrylic

Answer 25

Fleece and simulated fur products
Wigs
Paint-rollercovers
Children’s pajamas and stuffed toys