Chapter 6 Flashcards
Abduction
Motion of a limb away from the midline.
Adduction
Motion of a limb toward the midline.
Artery
A tubular vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs and body.
Blood Pressure
Pressure or force inside the walls of the body’s arteries.
Body System
A group of organs and other structures that work together to perform specific functions.
Brain
The organ in the nervous system responsible for the control of all the body systems. The brain coordinates the function of sensation, controls muscles, keeps body organs functioning automatically, and integrates consciousness, memory, emotions, and the use of language.
Capillaries
Tiny blood vessels that connect arteries to veins. They provide nutrients and oxygen to and remove waste from cells.
Cardiovascular System
Organs and structures that circulate blood around the body using the heart, arteries, and veins, delivering oxygen and nutrients to organs and cells. This system carries chemical waste products away from the cells and helps equalize body temperature. May also be referred to as the circulatory system.
Cells
The basic units of all living things.
Cental Nervous System
The part of the nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord.
Diaphragm
The large, thick, flat muscle between the chest and abdomen that is used for breathing.
Digestive System
Also known as the gastrointestinal system, a group of organs and other structures that use mechanical and chemical processes to break down food and absorb nutrients into the bode. This system also eliminates waste or unused material that is eaten.
Endocrine System
A collection of glands that produce chemical substances, called hormones, that travel through the bloodstream influencing target organs.
Extension
The straightening of a joint
Flextion
The bending of a joint.
Human Anatomy
The study of structures that can be seen with the the unaided eye and structures visible only through a microscope in humans.
Human Physiology
The study of the mechanical, physical, bioelectric, and biochemical functions of humans,
Immune Respons
the body’s response to a substance foreign to the body, such as bacteria.
Immunity
The state of being protected from a disease, especially and infectious disease.
Integumentary (skin) System
Specialized tissues cover and protect the body. The skin helps retain fluids, regulates temperature, transmits information from the environment to the brain, and protects the body from the outside environment.
Ligaments
Fibrous tissues that connect a bone to another bone.
Lymphatic System
Organs and other structures that remove extra fluid from tissues, absorb and transport fats from the cardiovascular system, and make white blood cells and transport them from the lymph nodes.
Muscular System
Tissues that allow movement of the body, beating of the heart, and movement within the organs of the digestive system and other tubular structures (e.g. helping move food through the intestines, allowing blood vessels to contract to raise blood pressure).
Nervous System
A group of organs and other structures that regulate all bodily functions by collecting and processing information, using the brain and complicated wiring system to all organs.
Neuron
A specialized cell that conducts electrical impulses; a neve cell.
Organs
Structures containing similar tissues that act together to perform specific bodily functions.
Peripheral Nervous System
The part of the nervous system outside the central nervous system.
Reproductive System
Organs and other structures responsible for human reproduction.
Respiratory System
Organs and structures that bring air containing oxygen into the body and eliminate carbon dioxide to the environment through the process of breathing or ventilation.
Skeletal System
The bones and other supporting tissues that provide structure to the body, provide attachment points for muscles, protect internal organs, allow movement, store minerals, and constitute the major site where blood cells are made.
Tendon
An extension of a muscle that attaches to a bone.
Tissue
A collection of cells acting together to perform a specific body function.
Urinary System
Organs and structures that remove wastes and toxins from the blood and excretes them as urine. This system maintains the body’s water and electrolyte balance.
Vein
A tubular vessel that carries blood to the heart.
