CHAPTER 6 Flashcards
THE PROCESS,
WHICH MAKES AVAILABLE TO THE INDIVIDUAL SOMETHING HE
HAS LEARNED PREVIOUSLY.
MEMORY
THREE PHASES OF MEMORY
ENCODES, STORES, and RETRIEVES INFORMATION
THE PROCESS BY WHICH INFORMATION (NEW KNOWLEDGE) IS INITIALLY RECORDED IN A FORM USABLE TO MEMORY.
ENCODING (FIXATION)
TWO ENCODING PROCESS THAT MAKE ENCODING MORE EFFECTIVE
INFORMATION with EMOTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE & INFORMATION WITH ASSOCIATIONS TO THINGS ALREADY KNOWN
MODELS OF MEMORY
1) INFORMATION - PROCESSING MODEL
2) LEVELS - OF - PROCESSING MODEL
3) PARALLEL - DISTRIBUTED - PROCESSING MODEL
ENHANCED MEMORY PERFORMANCE - BEGINNING OF THE SEQUENCE
PRIMACY EFFECT
ENHANCED MEMORY PERFORMANCE - END OF THE SEQUENCE
RECENCY EFFECT
THE STORING PROCESS
RETENTION
INFORMATION LEARNED EARLIER INTERERFERES WITH THE RECALL OF INFORMATION LEARNED LATER
OLD to NEW
PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE
NEW INFORMATION LEARNED INTERERFERES WITH THE RECALL OF INFORMATION LEARNED EARLIER
NEW to OLD
RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCE
MEANINGFUL UNITS OF INFORMATION THAT MAY VARY DEPENDING ON THE CIRCUMSTANCES
CHUNKS
A LEARNING TECHNIQUE THAT INVOLVES BREAKING DOWN LARGE PIECES OF CONTENT INTO SMALLER CHUNKS
CHUNKING
THE PROCESS BY WHICH MATERIAL IN MEMORY STORAGE IS LOCATED, BROUGHT INTO AWARENESS, AND USED
RETRIEVAL (REMEMBERING)
THE PROCESS OF DRAWING FROM MEMORY A SPECIFIC PIECE OF INFORMATION FOR A SPECIFIC PURPOSE.
RECALL
THE INABILITY TO RECALL INFORMATION THAT ONE FULLY REALIZES ONE KNOWS
TIP-OF-THE-TONGUE PHENOMENON
A STIMULUS SUCH AS A WORD, SMELL, SOUND THAT GUIDES A PERSON THROUGH THE INFORMATION STORED IN MEMORY.
RETRIEVAL CUE
THE PROCESS OF ACKNOWLEDGING PRIOR EXPOSURE TO A GIVEN STIMULUS.
RECOGNITION
THE PROCESS WHEREIN ONE REMEMBERS NOT ONLY A SPECIFIC EVENT, BUT ALSO ALL THE DETAILS AND CIRCUMSTANCES OF THIS EVENT WITH ITS SETTING IN TIME AND PLACE.
REDINTEGRATION
VIVID VIEW OF PAST EVENTS (connected to REDINTEGRATION
FLASHBULB MEMORIES
IT IS WHERE INFORMATION IS HELD WHILE IT IS CONSCIOUS AND
BEING USED
SHORT TERM MEMORY
SIMPLE STORAGE OF INFORMATION
STM or SHORT TERM MEMORY
INVOLVES MANIPULATION OF THE INFORMATION WITHIN STM
WORKING MEMORY
THREE INTERRELATED SYSTEMS OF WORKING MEMORY
A CENTRAL EXECUTIVE, A VISUOSPATIAL SKETCHPAD, AND A PHONOLOGICAL LOOP
STM CAN BE LOST THROUGH?
FAILURE TO REHEARSE, DECAY, INTERFERENCE BY SIMILAR INFORMATION, AND THE INTRUSION OF NEW INFORMATION INTO THE STM SYSTEM, WHICH PUSHES OLDER INFORMATION OUT.
