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EMT > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct?

A

Anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular oxygen is limited.

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2
Q

The air you breathe is _______ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _______ oxygen.

A

21%, 16%

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3
Q

The ___________ plane separates the body into left and right halves.

A

midsagittal

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4
Q

The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae.

A

seven

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT a facial bone?

A

Mastoid

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6
Q

A person’s bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in:

A

calcium

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7
Q

Skeletal muscle is also called:

A

voluntary muscle.

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8
Q

The firm cartilaginous ring that forms the inferior portion of the larynx is called the:

A

cricoid cartilage.

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9
Q

An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of:

A

beta-1 receptors.

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10
Q

White blood cells, which are also called leukocytes, function by:

A

protecting the body from infection.

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11
Q

The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following functions, EXCEPT:

A

breath holding.

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12
Q

Which of the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings?

A

Dermis

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13
Q

The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitoneal organs because they:

A

are located behind the abdominal cavity.

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14
Q

Abnormalities in metabolism are MOST likely to be caused by dysfunction of the:

A

thyroid gland.

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15
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the kidneys is correct?

A

The kidneys eliminate toxic waste products from the body and control the body’s fluid balance.

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16
Q

Which of the following conditions would affect the “Q” portion of the V/Q ratio?

A

Pulmonary embolism

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17
Q

Which three bones make up the shoulder girdle?

A

Clavicle, scapula, humerus

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18
Q

Which of the following is a function of the upper airway?

A

Warms and humidifies inhaled air

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19
Q

Which of the following arteries does NOT carry highly oxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary

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20
Q

Which of the following is not a part of the life cycle of sperm?

A

Deposited by the seminal vesicles

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21
Q

Respiratory Compromise:

A

the inability of the body to move gas effectively

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22
Q

When does Respiratory Compromise occur:

A

occurs when either ventilation or respiration is impaired.

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23
Q

The heart and brain cells cannot survive without a constant supply of _______, and will die in minutes.

A

oxygen

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24
Q

Decreased oxygen levels force cells to

A

move from aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism.

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25
Lactic acid is created as a ______ of ______.
by-product, anaerobic metabolism.
26
What happens when too much lactic acid is created
the pH of the blood will drop, and cells will die.
27
What structure of the brain is responsible for the level of consciousness and maintenance of vital signs?
the brainstem
28
the control center that regulates a person's level of consciousness and vital signs. Helps control heart rate. Comprises three smaller components: the midbrain, medulla, and pons.
midbrain
29
regulate and maintain the blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate.
functions of pons and the medulla
30
What part of the nervous system is responsible for increase in heart beats per minute.
Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
31
the two halves of the autonomic nervous system
the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system
32
dominates during periods of rest and relaxation
parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
33
takes over in times of stress. When the body recognizes that irregularities are occurring, the sympathetic nervous system kicks into action and increases the vital signs to help the body adapt and attempt to reestablish normal function.
sympathetic nervous system (SNS)
34
The electrical impulse of the heart normally begins at the:
sinoatrial node
35
The largest portion of the brain, which is commonly referred to as the ''gray matter,'' is called the:
cerebrum
36
The supporting bone of the arm is the:
humerus
37
The cervical spine is composed of _______ vertebrae.
seven
38
The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:
foramen magnum
39
The axial skeleton is composed of the:
skull, face, thorax, and vertebral column
40
Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ________ and carries oxygen.
erythrocytes
41
Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant (LUQ) of the abdomen?
spleen
42
The most distal four spinal vertebrae, which are fused together, form the:
coccyx
43
Anterior to the knee is a specialized bone called the:
patella
44
The femoral head forms a ball-and-socket joint with the:
Acetabulum
45
What is the minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min?
5,600 mL
46
Which of the following is a function of the upper airway?
warms and humidifies inhaled air
47
The topographic term used to describe the part of the body that is nearer to the feet is:
inferior
48
The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:
pulmonary veins
49
The diaphragm is a unique muscle because it:
is both a voluntary and involuntary muscle
50
The __________ fills the entire anteroposterior depth of the right upper quadrant (RUQ) of
liver
51
An intoxicated 40-year-old male s found lying face down. How would you document his body's position?
prone
52
Stimulation of the alpha-adrenergic receptors results in:
Constriction of blood vessels
53
The bones of the forearm are called the:
radius and ulna
54
What is the function of the fallopian tubes?
transport a mature egg to the uterus
55
Which of the following anatomic terms is synonymous with the word ''dorsal''?
posterior
56
The ________ of the heart is the inferior portion of the left ventricles.
apex
57
Relative to the kidneys, the liver is:
unilateral
58
Given the location of the kidneys and other components of the urinary system, what other complaints might this patient express?
Kidney pain can radiate along nearby nerves so that it can be felt in the abdomen, the side (or flank), the back, or the groin.
59
What clues were available to you from the scene, history, signs, and symptoms that may have helped you determine what was wrong with your patient?
The patient's behavior, appearance, and verbal comments at the scene helped to confirm that the patient was in severe pain. The location of the pain, especially during palpation, helped to localize the pain to the patient's flank.
60
Had you not realized the cause of his condition, would it have altered your management?
spinal immobilization or other management more appropriate to spinal trauma may have been utilized rather than position of comfort. Pain management and ALS care, including starting an IV, may also have been delayed, if the cause was thought to be traumatic based solely on the patient's original complaint.
61
In what body system are the kidneys in:
The kidneys are the most superior portion of the urinary system and they filter blood, producing urine.
62
controls fluid balance in the body, filters and eliminates waste products through the urine produced by the kidneys, and controls the body pH balance.
The urinary system
63
Which of the following are found in the retroperitoneal space?
kidneys
64
The cartilaginous tip of the sternum is called the:
xiphoid process.
65
A person with bilateral femur fractures has:
fractured both of his femurs.
66
The MOST prominent landmark on the anterior surface of the neck is the:
thyroid cartilage.
67
Insulin is produced in the:
pancreas.
68
_____ connect(s) muscles to bones.
Tendons
69
The normal resting adult heart rate is:
60 to 100 beats/min.
70
The left atrium of the heart receives ___________ blood from the ___________.
oxygenated; lungs
71
The largest part of the brain is the:
cerebrum.
72
True or false: red blood cells help fight infections?
FALSE

EMT (2 decks)

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