Chapter 6 Flashcards
The equity multiplier measures the amount of _____________________ for a bank and is one principal component of the bank’s ROE.
leverage (debt)
__________________________ risk is one that deals with the quality of the bank’s assets and, in particular, the bank’s loans.
Credit
A phenomenon wherein interest rates and security prices in the financial marketplace move against a troubled firm, forcing it to make crucial adjustments in policies and performance in order to calm investors’ worst fears is often referred to as __________________ by economists.
market discipline
__________________________ assets of a financial institution are those that will mature or be repriced within a set period of time.
Interest-sensitive
__________________________ is the risk that the value of the financial institution’s asset portfolio will decline due to falling market prices.
Market risk
For a bank, sources of funds like Eurodollars, Fed funds, repurchase agreements, and large CDs are categorized as ____________________.
purchased funds
__________________________ is the risk that a financial institution may not be able to meet the needs for cash of its depositors.
Liquidity risk
__________________________ assets, including loans, are those which are past due by 90 days or more.
Nonperforming
One of the principal components of evaluating ROE is _____________________ ratio, which reflects a bank’s portfolio management policies and the mix and yield on its assets.
asset utilization
__________________________ reflects the effectiveness of the expense management of a bank and is one of the principal components of evaluating ROE.
Net profit margin
__________________________ measures the return to stockholders on their investment in a bank. It is the product of net profit margin, asset utilization, and the equity multiplier.
Return on Equity (ROE)
__________________________ measures the amount of debt or leverage a bank has and is one part of the evaluation of the bank’s ROE. It is generally a number larger than one.
Equity multiplier
The __________________________ is a standardized report provided by federal regulators which reports the balance sheet, income statement, and other data for all federally supervised banks. It also contains information on peer institutions.
Uniform Bank Performance Report
The cumulative impact of all the risks (market risk, credit risk, operational risk, and legal and compliance risk) put together that can affect a financial firm’s long-run survival is often referred to as _________________________.
capital risk
__________________________ is the risk that shifting interest rates in the market will adversely affect a financial institution’s net income or the value of its assets or equity.
Interest rate risk
The ____________________ Act restricts combined auditing and consulting relationships in order to promote auditor independence and objectivity.
Sarbanes-Oxley
________________________ is one of the most widely respected private institutions that rates the credit quality of financial institutions.
Thomson’s BankWatch, Inc.
________________________ refers to the uncertainty regarding a financial firm’s earnings due to failures in computer systems, errors, misconduct by employees, lightning strikes, and similar events.
Operational (transactional) risk
________________________ refers to variability in earnings resulting from actions taken by the legal system including unenforceable contracts, lawsuits, and adverse judgements.
Legal risk
________________________ includes violations of rules and regulations. It can include failure to hold adequate capital which can lead to costly corrective actions.
Compliance risk
________________________ is the uncertainty associated with public opinion. Negative publicity (whether true or not) can affect a financial firm’s earnings by dissuading customers from using the services of the institution.
Reputation risk
As data processing of financial information becomes more important, managers of financial firms can realize cost savings from _______________________, transferring tasks from inside the firm to other firms specializing in information technology.
outsourcing
One of the traditional measures of earnings efficiency is ________________________ or total interest income over total earnings assets less total interest expenses over total interest bearing bank liabilities. It measures the effectiveness of a firm’s intermediation function in the borrowing and lending of money.
earnings spread
One part of ROE is ________________________ or net income divided by pre-tax net operating income, which measures a financial firm’s use of security gains and losses and other tax management tools to minimize tax exposure.
tax management efficiency
Net profit margin can be split into two parts, ________________________ and tax management efficiency. The first part is pre-tax net operating income over total operating revenue which looks at how many dollars of revenue survive after operating expenses are removed.
expense control efficiency
Financial institutions that pursue the “quiet life” as a goal face less risk of losing earnings or market share.
TRUE
Basic principles of financial management suggest that attempting to maximize a bank’s stock value is the key objective for banks which should have priority over all other goals.
TRUE
If the expected stream of future dividends for a bank’s shareholder rises, the bank’s stock price should also rise, other factors held constant.
TRUE
If the discount factor associated with the value of a bank’s stock rises, the bank’s stock price should rise, other factors held constant.
FALSE
A bank’s ROA equals its ROE times the ratio of total assets divided by total equity capital.
FALSE
According to the textbook, a bank’s asset-utilization ratio reflects the mix and yield on a bank’s portfolio of assets.
TRUE
A bank’s profit margin or ratio of net after-tax income to total operating revenue is a measure of financial leverage for a bank.
FALSE
According to the text, the ratio of a bank’s net after-tax income to pre-tax net operating income is a measure of tax management efficiency.
TRUE
According to the textbook, the ratio of a bank’s pre-tax net operating income to total operating revenues is a measure of expense-control efficiency.
TRUE
The ratio of non-performing assets to total loans and leases is a measure of credit risk in banking industry.
TRUE
One of the measures of a bank’s efficiency and return is “earnings spread”. It is calculated by the ratio of total interest income to total liabilities as reduced by the ratio of total interest expenses to total assets.
FALSE
In recent years, the U.S. banking industry’s equity multiplier has generally risen in response to regulatory pressure to raise more capital.
FALSE
If a bank adds more full-time employees and posts the same net operating income, its employee productivity ratio, as defined in the text, must fall.
TRUE
According to the textbook, the most profitable U.S. banks in terms of both ROA and ROE are medium-size institutions in the asset size range of $100 million to $10 billion.
TRUE
ROA measures how capably the management of a financial institution has been converting the institution’s assets into net earnings.
TRUE
The noninterest margin is generally positive for most banks.
FALSE