Chapter 6 Flashcards
Since tropical forests typically have only a few commercially valuable trees per acre, logging operations
A. usually do little damage to the trees that are left.
B. do extensive damage because of road building and injury to surrounding trees.
C. generally do not encourage conversion of the forest to farmland.
D. are usually not successful.
E. Tropical forests typically have many more than a few commercially valuable trees per acre.
B
The most sustainable land use in tropical forests is probably
A. logging.
B. cattle grazing.
C. monoculture agroforestry.
D. intensive, efficient modern row cropping.
E. milpa farming.
E
Although most of the world’s forests are shrinking, biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss because
A. they contain such high biodiversity.
B. tropical trees are the biggest trees in the world.
C. they contain irreplaceable wood resources.
D. there are fewer remaining tropical forests than any other forest type.
E. All of these are reasons that biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss.
A
- Old-growth forests are notable for containing species that
A. are exotic in North America.
B. have an unusually high market value.
C. are highly adapted to their special environment.
D. are found in other North American forests, in very different environmental conditions.
E. migrate long distances to feed in the old-growth forests.
C
5. Knowing that there are many endangered species found in the old growth forests of the United States, what might you expect remains today of all the old growth forests that stood in the United States before European settlement? A. about 90 percent B. about 35 percent C. about 50 percent D. about 25 percent E. less than 10 percent
E
Most commercial loggers prefer “clear-cut” harvesting because it
A. is the most environmentally sustainable type of harvest.
B. is the most efficient way to get valuable small timber without disturbing the larger early successional trees.
C. is the most efficient, cheapest harvest method using large, fast machinery instead of costly labor.
D. is the most effective way to refresh soil with sun and rain.
E. does not waste any trees.
C
- Economically, monoculture forestry is advantageous for the loggers because
A. it produces large quantities of a single type of tree for a particular use, such as building timber or paper pulp.
B. it is labor-intensive and thus increases job opportunities for local people.
C. high levels of pesticides and herbicides may be needed, therefore there is more money spent and in the system.
D. the increase in wildlife diversity is beneficial to the tourism industry.
E. a mix of the different trees leads to a good resource base if the market for one type of timber falls.
A
- Annually, the Forest Service __________ on timber sales mainly because of the emphasis on ________________.
A. makes a profit; building roads into wilderness areas
B. loses money; building roads into wilderness areas
C. loses money; exporting logs to Canada
D. makes a profit; exporting logs to Canada
E. loses money; replanting
B
The primary aim of the U.S. Forest Service has historically been to provide ______________ based on Pinchot’s philosophy of _________________.
A. the benefits of forests for current and future populations; ecocentric preservation
B. fire patrols to protect ancient forests; biocentric preservation
C. wildlife habitat; biocentric preservation
D. public recreation and education; pragmatic conservation
E. timber to logging companies; pragmatic conservation
E
Seasonal migration allows grazing livestock to
A. use the most fertile pastures continuously.
B. use marginal lands year after year with modest environmental damage.
C. produce more young animals with less range.
D. depend more on domestic pastures.
E. use only the most nutritious plants in a pasture.
B
The first symptom of range overgrazing is usually A. gullying. B. the absence of trees. C. the compaction of soils. D. desertification. E. the disappearance of palatable herbs.
E
general, the global range of world deserts are
A. decreasing as world climate becomes wetter.
B. increasing because of the increase in global carbon dioxide.
C. increasing because of logging and grazing.
D. decreasing because of massive reforestation.
E. about the same in area but have many threatened species of plants.
C
Most public rangelands are in poor condition due to
A. excessive populations of wild ungulates.
B. overcrowding of private livestock.
C. too many publicly owned animals on public lands.
D. excessive urban settlement in the West.
E. the lack of water.
B
National parks are an important part of our heritage,
A. and they remain pristine and undisturbed because of their park status.
B. but they lack any protection from mining, logging, and grazing.
C. but they are endangered by overcrowding, pollution, and in some places, mining.
D. but unfortunately exist only in remote inaccessible areas.
E. but they are endangered by overcrowding.
C
Over the past decade, the number of park visitors has _______ and park budgets have ________.
A. increased by more than one half; increased by about 25%
B. increased by one third; decreased by about 25%
C. decreased by more than one half; decreased by about 25%
D. decreased by one third; increased by about 25%
E. stayed about the same; decreased by about 25%
B
