Chapter 5b - Secondary ax

Question 1

SAMPLE

Answer 1

signs and symptoms
allergies
medications
past medical history
last oral intake
events before the incident

Question 2

OPQRST

Answer 2

onset
provoke
quality
radiate
severity
time

Question 3

assess the head specifications

Answer 3

observe for discharge
ax pupil size
observe for bruising behind the ears
re-ax airway
look for blood or clear fluid coming from ears, nose or mouth

Question 4

assess the neck

Answer 4

ax for abnormalities
- airway
- tracheal deviation
- jugular vein distension/flatness
- cervical trauma

Question 5

assess the chest and back

Answer 5

ax for abnormalities
look and listen for subtle signs of breathing difficulties

Question 6

assess the abdomen

Answer 6

gently feel the top of the abdomen
palpate for rigidity and tenderness

Question 7

assess the pelvis

Answer 7

observe for incontinent and or blood
inflare/outflare *do not open book a potential pelvic fracture

Question 8

if suspected pelvic fx, what do you do

Answer 8

maintain manual stabilization until a pelvic binder is attached

Question 9

asses the lower extremities

Answer 9

assess for deformity
PMSC

Question 10

cap refill should come back within _____

Answer 10

2 seconds

Question 11

vital signs are done every ____

Answer 11

5 mins

Question 12

4 vital signs

Answer 12

Pulse
Ventilation rate
BP
Pulse oximetry

Question 13

rapid/weak pulse

Answer 13

shock
bleeding
diabetic coma

Question 14

rapid/strong pulse

Answer 14

fright
apprehension
heat
CVA

Question 15

slow/strong pulse

Answer 15

stroke
skull fracture

Question 16

average values for pulse (adult, child, toddler, athlete, post exercise)

Answer 16

adult = 60-80 bpm
child = 80-100 bpm
toddler = 100-120 bpm
athlete = 50-60 bpm
post exercise = +++ bpm

Question 17

rapid/shallow breathing

Answer 17

shock
bleeding
heat exhaustion

Question 18

rapid/deep breathing

Answer 18

cheyne-stokes
neurologic
metabolic

Question 19

prolonged expiratory breathing

Answer 19

lower airway obstruction
asthma

Question 20

prolonged inspiratory breathing

Answer 20

upper airway obstruction

Question 21

deep gasping laboured breathing

Answer 21

obstructive
chest injury

Question 22

absent breathing

Answer 22

obstructive
respiratory arrest
many cases

Question 23

bright frothy coughed up blood breathing

Answer 23

lung injury

Question 24

systolic normal values female vs male

Answer 24

female is 90 mm Hg + age
male is 100 mm Hg + age
(age 20-50)

Question 25

diastolic normal value for BP

Answer 25

80 mm Hg

Question 26

if no BP cuff, radial pulse is at least ___ mm Hg systolic

Answer 26

80 mm Hg

Question 27

if no BP cuff, femoral pulse is at least __ mm Hg systolic

Answer 27

70 mm Hg

Question 28

if no BP cuff, carotid pulse is at least __ mm Hg systolic

Answer 28

60 mm Hg

Question 29

textbook number for BP

Answer 29

120/80

Question 30

normal range for SpO2

Answer 30

95-100% saturation

Question 31

problematic range for SpO2

Answer 31

under 90%

Question 32

do not start O2 therapy at or above __ % sat

Answer 32

93

Question 33

stop O2 therapy no higher than ___% sat

Answer 33

96

Question 34

no supplemental O2 for acute stroke/MI with SpO2 between __ and ___%

Answer 34

93-100%

Question 35

normal core temperature

Answer 35

37 d C (98.6 d F)

Question 36

time for oral measure vs rectal mesure

Answer 36

both 3 minutes

Question 37

what is the preferred method to take body temperature in endurance sports?

Answer 37

rectal temp

Question 38

cool/clammy skin temp

Answer 38

shock bleeding heat exhaustion

Question 39

hot/moist skin temp

Answer 39

reaction to increased temp exercise

Question 40

hot/dry skin temp

Answer 40

heat stroke high fever

Question 41

what is the rapid intervention method when dealing with exertional heat stress?

Answer 41

cold water immersion

Question 42

contraindications to rectal temp

Answer 42

cardiac issues (vagus nerve stimulation) hemorrhoids recent rectal surgery diarrhea

Question 43

hyperthermic rectal temp value

Answer 43

over 40 deg C

Question 44

cooling limit rectal temp value

Answer 44

38-39 deg C

Question 45

red skin colour

Answer 45

burn fever allergic rx heat stroke hypertensive

Question 46

blue skin colour

Answer 46

cyanosis hypoxemia vasoconstriction cold shock

Question 47

yellow skin colour

Answer 47

jaundice

Question 48

mottled skin colour

Answer 48

cardio vascular embarassment

Question 49

PEARL meaning

Answer 49

pupils equal and reactive to light

Question 50

more than ___ mm difference in pupils sizes is significant

Answer 50

1 mm

Question 51

GSC under 14 + abnormal pupil exam can indicate

Answer 51

life-threatening TBI

Question 52

average vital signs - newborn

Answer 52

pulse 120-160 respirations 40-60 BP 80/40

Question 53

average vital signs - baby (0-1yo)

Answer 53

pulse 100-120 respirations 30-40 BP 80/40

Question 54

average vital signs - child (1-8yo)

Answer 54

pulse 80-120 respirations 16-24 BP 90/50

Question 55

average vital signs - adult (over 8yo)

Answer 55

pulse 600-100 respirations 12-20 BP 120/80

Question 56

physiological shock (BP, Pulse, VR)

Answer 56

decrease BP increase Pulse increase vent rate

Question 57

neurogenic shock (BP, pulse, VR)

Answer 57

decrease BP no change in pulse

Question 58

cushings signs (BP, Pulse, temp, VR)

Answer 58

increase BP decrease pulse increase Temp no change in Vent Rate (increase intracranial pressure)