Chapter 5b - Secondary ax Flashcards
SAMPLE
signs and symptoms
allergies
medications
past medical history
last oral intake
events before the incident
OPQRST
onset
provoke
quality
radiate
severity
time
assess the head specifications
observe for discharge
ax pupil size
observe for bruising behind the ears
re-ax airway
look for blood or clear fluid coming from ears, nose or mouth
assess the neck
ax for abnormalities
- airway
- tracheal deviation
- jugular vein distension/flatness
- cervical trauma
assess the chest and back
ax for abnormalities
look and listen for subtle signs of breathing difficulties
assess the abdomen
gently feel the top of the abdomen
palpate for rigidity and tenderness
assess the pelvis
observe for incontinent and or blood
inflare/outflare *do not open book a potential pelvic fracture
if suspected pelvic fx, what do you do
maintain manual stabilization until a pelvic binder is attached
asses the lower extremities
assess for deformity
PMSC
cap refill should come back within _____
2 seconds
vital signs are done every ____
5 mins
4 vital signs
Pulse
Ventilation rate
BP
Pulse oximetry
rapid/weak pulse
shock
bleeding
diabetic coma
rapid/strong pulse
fright
apprehension
heat
CVA
slow/strong pulse
stroke
skull fracture
average values for pulse (adult, child, toddler, athlete, post exercise)
adult = 60-80 bpm
child = 80-100 bpm
toddler = 100-120 bpm
athlete = 50-60 bpm
post exercise = +++ bpm
rapid/shallow breathing
shock
bleeding
heat exhaustion
rapid/deep breathing
cheyne-stokes
neurologic
metabolic
prolonged expiratory breathing
lower airway obstruction
asthma
prolonged inspiratory breathing
upper airway obstruction
deep gasping laboured breathing
obstructive
chest injury
absent breathing
obstructive
respiratory arrest
many cases
bright frothy coughed up blood breathing
lung injury
systolic normal values female vs male
female is 90 mm Hg + age
male is 100 mm Hg + age
(age 20-50)
diastolic normal value for BP
80 mm Hg
if no BP cuff, radial pulse is at least ___ mm Hg systolic
80 mm Hg
if no BP cuff, femoral pulse is at least __ mm Hg systolic
70 mm Hg
if no BP cuff, carotid pulse is at least __ mm Hg systolic
60 mm Hg
textbook number for BP
120/80
normal range for SpO2
95-100% saturation
problematic range for SpO2
under 90%
do not start O2 therapy at or above __ % sat
93
stop O2 therapy no higher than ___% sat
96
no supplemental O2 for acute stroke/MI with SpO2 between __ and ___%
93-100%
normal core temperature
37 d C (98.6 d F)
time for oral measure vs rectal mesure
both 3 minutes
what is the preferred method to take body temperature in endurance sports?
rectal temp
cool/clammy skin temp
shock
bleeding
heat exhaustion
hot/moist skin temp
reaction to increased temp
exercise
hot/dry skin temp
heat stroke
high fever
what is the rapid intervention method when dealing with exertional heat stress?
cold water immersion
contraindications to rectal temp
cardiac issues (vagus nerve stimulation)
hemorrhoids
recent rectal surgery
diarrhea
hyperthermic rectal temp value
over 40 deg C
cooling limit rectal temp value
38-39 deg C
red skin colour
burn
fever
allergic rx
heat stroke
hypertensive
blue skin colour
cyanosis
hypoxemia
vasoconstriction
cold
shock
yellow skin colour
jaundice
mottled skin colour
cardio vascular embarassment
PEARL meaning
pupils
equal
and
reactive to
light
more than ___ mm difference in pupils sizes is significant
1 mm
GSC under 14 + abnormal pupil exam can indicate
life-threatening TBI
average vital signs - newborn
pulse 120-160
respirations 40-60
BP 80/40
average vital signs - baby (0-1yo)
pulse 100-120
respirations 30-40
BP 80/40
average vital signs - child (1-8yo)
pulse 80-120
respirations 16-24
BP 90/50
average vital signs - adult (over 8yo)
pulse 600-100
respirations 12-20
BP 120/80
physiological shock (BP, Pulse, VR)
decrease BP
increase Pulse
increase vent rate
neurogenic shock (BP, pulse, VR)
decrease BP
no change in pulse
cushings signs (BP, Pulse, temp, VR)
increase BP
decrease pulse
increase Temp
no change in Vent Rate
(increase intracranial pressure)
