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Mod D: SPECIALIZED DENTISTRY > Chapter 55: periodontics > Flashcards

Chapter 55: periodontics Flashcards

1
Q

is the dental specialty involved in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the supporting tissues.

A

periodontics

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2
Q

Patients are referred to a periodontist’s office by a _______ or a ________ for treatment of a periodontal condition that requires the skill and knowledge of a specialist.

A

general dentist or a dental hygienist

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3
Q

A periodontal examination includes:

A
  • patient’s medical and dental history
  • radiographic evaluation
  • examination of the teeth
  • examination of the oral tissues and supporting structures
  • periodontal charting.
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4
Q

includes pocket readings, furcations, tooth mobility, exudate (pus), and gingival recession.

A

periodontal charting

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5
Q

Systemic diseases, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, or diabetes, can lower resistance of the tissue to infection.

t or f

A

TRUE

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6
Q

what is the dental history used to gather?

A

information about conditions that could indicate periodontal disease.

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7
Q

patients with this disease often complain of bleeding gums, loose teeth, or a bad taste.

A

periodontal disease

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8
Q

a condition where a shift in the position of the teeth is caused by loss of periodontal support.

A

pathologic migration

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9
Q

a condition which places excessive biting forces on the teeth and may accelerate bone loss.

A

bruxism

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10
Q

can cause dental prostheses to retain plaque and increase the risk for periodontal disease.

A

Defective restorations or bridgework

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11
Q

a condition where certain tooth areas can prevent the teeth from occluding properly. These interferences do not directly cause periodontal disease but can contribute to mobility, migration, and temporomandibular joint pain.

A

Occlusal interferences

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12
Q

Teeth normally have a slight amount of

mobility. t or f

A

TRUE

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13
Q

is the primary cause of gingival inflammation and most other forms of periodontal disease.

A

plaque

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14
Q

hard mineralized plaque. May be supragingival (above the gingivae) or subgingival.

It is a contributing factor in periodontal disease because it is always covered with plaque.

A

calculus

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15
Q

As disease progresses, the gingiva may recede, leaving portions of the roots of the teeth exposed below the cementoenamel junction

A

gingival recession

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16
Q

Severity of gingival inflammation is measured by the amount of bleeding observed during probing. Several different indices are used to measure bleeding.

Each system is based on the principle that healthy gingiva do not bleed.

A

bleeding index

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17
Q

Detects interproximal bone loss. Show changes in the bone as periodontitis progresses. Locate furcation involvements. Measure the crown-to-root ratio (the length of the clinical crown compared with the length of the root of the tooth). Show signs of traumatic occlusion.

A

radiographs

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18
Q

Early Signs of Periodontal Disease

A
  • Changes in the gingiva (color, size, shape, texture)
  • Gingival inflammation
  • Gingival bleeding
  • Evidence of exudates
  • periodontal pockets
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19
Q

The severity of gingival inflammation can be measured by the _______

A

bleeding index

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20
Q

Each system is based on the principle that healthy gingiva does not _____

A

bleed

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21
Q

If excessive biting pressure is noted in a specific area,

this can result.

A

occlusal trauma

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22
Q

is a procedure that adjusts the patient’s bite so that occlusal forces are equally distributed over all the teeth.

A

Occlusal adjustment or occlusal equilibration

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23
Q

does not cause periodontal pocket formation, but it can cause tooth mobility, destruction of bone, migration of teeth, and temporomandibular joint pain.

A

occlusal trauma

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24
Q

this radiograph is particularly valuable because it can accurately depict bone height along the root surface.

Excellent for determining the extent of crestal bone loss

A

bitewing radiograph/ vertical bitewing radiograph

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25
Q

Advantages of Hand Scaling

A
  • tactile sensitivity
  • Greater control
  • working in specific area/ enhanced access
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26
Q

Advantages of Ultrasonic Scaling

A
  • Improved healing time
  • clean operating field
  • no repetitive motions
  • Less tissue distention
27
Q

provides rapid calculus removal and reduces hand fatigue for the operator.

A

Ultrasonic Scaler

28
Q

works by converting very-high-frequency sound waves into mechanical energy in the form of extremely rapid vibrations (20,000 to 40,000 cycles per second) at the tip of the instrument.

A

Ultrasonic Scaler

29
Q

Indications for use of an ultrasonic scaler include the following:

A
  • Removal of supragingival calculus and stains
  • Removal of subgingival calculus, attached plaque, and endotoxins from the root surface
  • Cleaning of furcation areas
  • Removal of deposits before periodontal surgery
  • Removal of orthodontic cements, or debonding
  • Removal of overhanging margins of restorations
30
Q

Contraindications to use of the ultrasonic scaler include the following general health considerations:

A
  • communicable diseases
  • patients susceptible to infection
  • respiratory problems
  • swallowing difficulty
  • cardiac pacemaker
31
Q

these oral conditions may be contraindications to the use of ultrasonic scalers

A
  • Demineralized areas
  • Exposed dentinal surfaces.
  • Restorative materials
  • Titanium implant abutments.
  • Narrow periodontal pockets.
32
Q

procedure, commonly referred to as prophy or cleaning, is the complete removal of calculus, soft deposits, plaque, and stain from all supragingival and unattached subgingival tooth surfaces

A

Dental Prophylaxis

33
Q

A ________ is indicated for patients with healthy gingiva as a preventive measure and is most often performed during recall appointments.

A

prophylaxis

34
Q

The goal of ________ is to remove deposits on the tooth and reduce the bioburden within the pocket.

A

debridement

35
Q

done to remove supragingival calculus from the tooth surface with periodontal scalers.

A

scaling

36
Q

Curettes are used to remove ____ and _____ calculus.

A

supragingival and subgingival calculus

37
Q

Areas on the root surface may remain rough after calculus removal because the cementum has become _____

A

necrotic

38
Q

follows scaling procedures to remove any remaining particles of calculus and necrotic cementum embedded in the root surface.

A

Root planing

39
Q

After root planing, the surfaces are smoother and are free from _______ Smooth root surfaces are easier for the patient to keep clean.

A

endotoxins

40
Q

involves scraping or cleaning the gingival lining of the pocket with a sharp curette to remove necrotic tissue from the pocket wall.

A

gingival curettage
or
subgingival curettage

41
Q

a particularly useful antibiotic for the treatment of early-onset periodontitis,

A

Tetracycline

42
Q

antibiotic less effective against periodontal disease infection because many periodontal pathogens are resistant to it.

A

penecillin

43
Q

type of mouth rinses have been shown to reduce bleeding by delaying bacterial growth within the periodontal pockets.

A

flouride mouth rinse

44
Q

this rinse is a highly effective antimicrobial therapy available to reduce plaque and gingivitis.

*Can cause temporary brown staining of the teeth, tongue, and resin restorations. This stain can be removed by polishing

A

Chlorhexidine rinse

45
Q

Disadvantages of and contraindications to periodontal surgery include:

A
  • patients health status
  • age
  • limitations of the procedures
46
Q

From the patient’s point of view, the disadvantages of surgery usually include :

A
  • cost
  • time
  • esthetics
  • discomfort
47
Q

a type of surgery that removes the excess tissue. It is the most rapid method for reduction of periodontal pockets.

A

Excisional Surgery

48
Q

common types of excisional surgery.

A

Gingivectomy and gingivoplasty

49
Q

the surgical removal of diseased gingival tissue. This procedure is performed when it is necessary to reduce the depth of the periodontal pocket and when fibrous gingival tissue must be removed.

A

Gingivectomy

50
Q

involves the surgical reshaping and contouring of gingival tissues.

A

Gingivoplasty

51
Q

performed when excisional surgery is not indicated. In thissurgery, the tissues are not removed but are pushed away from underlying tooth roots and alveolar bone

A

periodontal flap surgery

52
Q

periodontal surgery that involves modification of the supporting bone. It is performed to eliminate pockets, remove defects, and restore normal contours in the bone.

A

Osseous Surgery

53
Q

periodontal surgeries that involve bone

A

osteoplasty and ostectomy

54
Q

additive bone surgery, bone is contoured and reshaped.

A

Osteoplasty

55
Q

subtractive bone surgery, bone is removed. This procedure is necessary when the patient has large exostoses (bony growths)

A

Ostectomy

56
Q

is a surgical procedure that is designed to expose more tooth structure for the placement of a restoration such as a crown.

A

Crown Lengthening

57
Q

indications for crown lengthening include

A

(1) a tooth that is fractured close to the gingival margin

(2) subgingival caries

58
Q

this graft is used to move gingivae from an adjacent tooth or edentulous area to a recipient site on another tooth

A

pedicle graft

59
Q

this type of graft has a donor site that is located away from the grafted site. Thus the blood supply is not attached to the graft and depends on the recipient site.

A

Free Gingival Soft Tissue Graft

60
Q

serves as a bandage over the surgical site.

A

periodontal dressing (periopack)

61
Q

Periodontal dressings, also known as periopacks, are used for the following purposes:

A
  • hold the flaps in place
  • protect newly forming tissues
  • minimize postoperative pain, infection and hemorrhage
  • protect the surgical site from trauma during eating and drinking
  • To support mobile teeth during the healing process
62
Q

most widely used type of periodontal dressing.

A

Noneugenol Dressing

63
Q

procedures used to correct defects in the shape, position, or amount of gingival tissue

A

Periodontal plastic surgery

64
Q

Periodontal applications of lasers on soft tissue include the following:

A
  • Removal of tumors and lesions
  • Vaporization of excess tissues
  • Removal of or reduction in hyperplastic tissues

Mod D: SPECIALIZED DENTISTRY (6 decks)

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