Chapter 5.4 Flashcards
Openings in leaves for entrance of gases
Stomata
regulate stomata openings
Guard cells
Carbon dioxide enters the leaves of land plants through tiny openings called _______.
Stomata
Stomatal openings are surrounded by two kidney bean-shaped cells called
Guard cells
movement of water through a plant’s stomata
Transpiration
When the guard cells are compressed against each other, the _______ ____ _____.
Stomata are closed
When the guard cells change shape to create a gap between them, the _____ _____ _______.
Stomata are open
plenty of carbon dioxide, loss of water
Stomata open
Conserves water, limits photosynthesis
Stomata closed
_____ _______ can lower the rate of photosynthesis.
Higher Temperatures
Series of reactions that counteract photosynthesis.
Photorespiration
_______ ________ limit carbon dioxide levels.
closed stomata
________ is used instead of carbon dioxide to react with RuBP.
Oxygen
________ will release carbon dioxide instead of oxygen.
Plants
Most plants are _____ plants.
C3
Close stomata to conserve water when hot
C3
Photorespiration may occur
C3
May decline as Earth warms
C3
Soybean
C3
The Calvin cycle converts two 3 carbon sugars into glucose
C3
______ plants avoid photorespiration
C4
Additional pathways concentrate carbon dioxide to produce four-carbon sugars.
True
Mostly grasses
C4
C4 has lower rates of __________ compared to C3 plants.
photosynthesis
Enzymes savage CO2 to produce 4-carbon sugars, even when ____ ____ __ _____.
even when the stomata are closed
The 4 carbon sugars _______ carbon dioxide molecules to the Calvin cycle when they break down.
Pump
CAM plants open their stomata only at _________.
Night
Carbon is stored as an ________ in CAM plants.
Acid
During the day, acid is broken down to carbon dioxide for use in __________>
Photosynthesis
Water loss is slowed by opening ________ only at night. (CAM)
Stomata
Carbon dioxide is stored as an ______ _____ in the ______. (CAM)
organic acid
vacuole
The acid’s breakdown releases this carbon dioxide to the _______ cycle during the day.
Calvin
Clearing of forests for logging, farming, and human settlements
Deforestation
C4 grassy plants outperform C3 trees in ____ ________.
Warm Temperatures
______ of carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere comes from cutting and burning forests in the tropics.
25%
Reforestation projects help reduce deforestation effects.
True
