Chapter 52 Antidiabetics

Question 1

Hypoglycemic Reaction

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 1

Hypoglycemic Reaction - reaction to low blood glucose

Type 1 diabetes - type of diabetes with no beta cells of pancreas

Question 2

Type 2 Diabetes

Ketoacidosis

Answer 2

Type 2 Diabetes - type of diabetes with some beta cell function
Ketoacidosis- diabetic acidosis

Question 3

Lipodystrophy

Polydipsia

Answer 3

Lipodystrophy- tissue atrophy

Polydipsia- increased thirst

Question 4

Polyphagia

Polyuria

Answer 4

Polyphagia- increase hunger

Polyuria- increase urine output

Question 5

Dawn Phenomenon

Answer 5

Hyperglycemia on awakening

Question 6

NPH Insulin

Lipoatrophy

Answer 6

NPH insulin - intermediate acting insulin

Lipoatrophy- tissue atrophy

Question 7

Sulfonylureas

Glucagon

Answer 7

Sulfonylureas- oral hypoglycemic drug group

Glucagon- Hyperglycemic hormone that stimulates glycogenolysis

Question 8

Lispro insulin

Answer 8

Rapid acting insulin

Question 9

What is major symptoms that characterize diabetes?

Answer 9

Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Polyuria

Question 10

Which drugs may cause Hyperglycemia

Answer 10

Epinephrine
Hydrochlorothiazide
Prednisone

Question 11

What is the rationale for rotation of insulin injection sites

Answer 11

It prevents lipodystrophy

Question 12

What is the only type of insulin that may be administered IV

Answer 12

Regular

Question 13

Which clinical manifestation may be seen in a patient experiencing a hypoglycemic reaction

Answer 13

Headache 
Excessive perspiration 
Nervousness 
Tremor 
Vomiting

Question 14

Which clinical manifestation may be seen in a patient experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemia

Answer 14

Dry mucous membranes 
Fruity breath odor 
Kussmauls respirations 
Polyuria 
Thirst

Question 15

The patient has type 1 diabetes which medication should the patient not use to control diabetes?

Answer 15

Tolazamide tolinase

Question 16

Health teaching for patients who is taking insulin

Answer 16

Adhere to the prescribed diet 
Be sure to exercise 
Monitor blood glucose level
Recognize signs of hypoglycemic reaction 
Take insulin as prescribed

Question 17

Health teaching for patients taking oral Antidiabetic

Answer 17

Adhere to prescribed diet
Monitor blood glucose levels
Monitor weight
Participate in regular exercise

Question 18

The patient receives both NPH and regular insulin what is the best action by the nurse

Answer 18

Prepare one injection draw up regular insulin first

Question 19

Which type of syringe should be used to administer a patients daily insulin dose of 6 units of U100 regular and 14 units of U100 NPH

Answer 19

U100 insulin syringe

Question 20

Lipoatrophy is a completion that occurs when insulin is injected repeatedly in one site what is the physiologic effect that occurs

Answer 20

Released lump or knot on the skin surface

Question 21

Where should the patient who takes insulin daily be taught to store the opened insulin

Answer 21

In a cool place

Question 22

How should the nurse or patient prepare insulin prior to administration

Answer 22

Roll the bottle in the hands

Question 23

What is the American Diabetes Association

Answer 23

Choose an injection site for a week
Inject insulin each day at the injection 1 1/2
With two daily injection times use the right side in the morning and the left side in the evening

Question 24

When should the nurse expect that the patient may experience a hypoglycemic reaction to regular insulin if adminstration occurs at 07:00 and the patient does not eat

Answer 24

08:00 to 09:00

Question 25

How long after NPH administration would the nurse expect the patient insulin peak

Answer 25

12-15 hours

Question 26

Define Lantus

Answer 26

Given only evening time
It’s available in a 3mL cartridge insulin pen
Some patients complain of pain at the injection site

Question 27

Diabetes mellitus

Insulin

Answer 27

Diabetes Mellitus-Disease resulting from deficient glucose metabolism
Insulin- protein secreted from the beta cells of the pancreas