Chapter 52 Antidiabetics Flashcards
Hypoglycemic Reaction
Type 1 Diabetes
Hypoglycemic Reaction - reaction to low blood glucose
Type 1 diabetes - type of diabetes with no beta cells of pancreas
Type 2 Diabetes
Ketoacidosis
Type 2 Diabetes - type of diabetes with some beta cell function
Ketoacidosis- diabetic acidosis
Lipodystrophy
Polydipsia
Lipodystrophy- tissue atrophy
Polydipsia- increased thirst
Polyphagia
Polyuria
Polyphagia- increase hunger
Polyuria- increase urine output
Dawn Phenomenon
Hyperglycemia on awakening
NPH Insulin
Lipoatrophy
NPH insulin - intermediate acting insulin
Lipoatrophy- tissue atrophy
Sulfonylureas
Glucagon
Sulfonylureas- oral hypoglycemic drug group
Glucagon- Hyperglycemic hormone that stimulates glycogenolysis
Lispro insulin
Rapid acting insulin
What is major symptoms that characterize diabetes?
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Polyuria
Which drugs may cause Hyperglycemia
Epinephrine
Hydrochlorothiazide
Prednisone
What is the rationale for rotation of insulin injection sites
It prevents lipodystrophy
What is the only type of insulin that may be administered IV
Regular
Which clinical manifestation may be seen in a patient experiencing a hypoglycemic reaction
Headache Excessive perspiration Nervousness Tremor Vomiting
Which clinical manifestation may be seen in a patient experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemia
Dry mucous membranes Fruity breath odor Kussmauls respirations Polyuria Thirst
The patient has type 1 diabetes which medication should the patient not use to control diabetes?
Tolazamide tolinase
Health teaching for patients who is taking insulin
Adhere to the prescribed diet Be sure to exercise Monitor blood glucose level Recognize signs of hypoglycemic reaction Take insulin as prescribed
Health teaching for patients taking oral Antidiabetic
Adhere to prescribed diet
Monitor blood glucose levels
Monitor weight
Participate in regular exercise
The patient receives both NPH and regular insulin what is the best action by the nurse
Prepare one injection draw up regular insulin first
Which type of syringe should be used to administer a patients daily insulin dose of 6 units of U100 regular and 14 units of U100 NPH
U100 insulin syringe
Lipoatrophy is a completion that occurs when insulin is injected repeatedly in one site what is the physiologic effect that occurs
Released lump or knot on the skin surface
Where should the patient who takes insulin daily be taught to store the opened insulin
In a cool place
How should the nurse or patient prepare insulin prior to administration
Roll the bottle in the hands
What is the American Diabetes Association
Choose an injection site for a week
Inject insulin each day at the injection 1 1/2
With two daily injection times use the right side in the morning and the left side in the evening
When should the nurse expect that the patient may experience a hypoglycemic reaction to regular insulin if adminstration occurs at 07:00 and the patient does not eat
08:00 to 09:00
How long after NPH administration would the nurse expect the patient insulin peak
12-15 hours
Define Lantus
Given only evening time
It’s available in a 3mL cartridge insulin pen
Some patients complain of pain at the injection site
Diabetes mellitus
Insulin
Diabetes Mellitus-Disease resulting from deficient glucose metabolism
Insulin- protein secreted from the beta cells of the pancreas
