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Med Surg 3 > Chapter 52 > Flashcards

Chapter 52 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Alimentary canal

A

The mouth pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine in the rectum.

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2
Q

Structure of inner wall

A

There are four layers and closer submucosa muscularis and serosa the mucosa is there animals layer

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3
Q

Function of the GI tract

A

Secretion digestion absorption motility and illumination

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4
Q

Saliva

A

Saliva is secreted in response to the presence of food in the mouth and begin to soften the food.

saliva contains making an enzyme called the Library Emilys also known as Ptyalin which begins the breakdown of carbohydrates

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5
Q

Stomach location

A

The stomach is located midline and the left upper quadrant of the dominant and has or anatomical regions.

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6
Q

Four regions of the stomach

A

The cardia upper portion near GE.
The fund us.
The main area of the stomach is the body of corpus.
The entrance or pylorus is the distal lower the portion of the stomach and separate it from the duodenum by the plyoric at Spencer

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7
Q

The pancreas function and structure

A

The pancreas is a fish shaped gland that lies behind the stomach and extends horizontally from the duodrnal C loop to the spleen .

exocrine and endocrine functions did the hormones are a essential in the regulation of metabolism.

A dual or in the head of the pancreas lies in the curvature of the duodenum

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8
Q

Pancreas exocrine enzymes

A

Trypsin digest proteins and Chymotrypsin
Amylase digest carbohydrates
Lipase digestion of fats

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9
Q

The Liver Structure and location

A

Largest GI organ. In Upper right quadrant mostly

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10
Q

Liver Function

A

Performs more than 400 functions in storage protection and metabolism and stores minerals vitamins such as iron magnesium fat vitamins A D E K

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11
Q

Ileocecal valve

A

Separates the entrance of the ileum from the cecum of the large intestines

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12
Q

Large intestines

A

I’m about 5 to 6 feet in length. starts with the cecum and ends with the anal canal

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13
Q

Function of the large intestines

A

Movement absorption and illumination consist of segmental contractions.
water is absorbed and electrolytes

food is stored in to in the rectum

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14
Q

Small intestine function

A

With me digestion and absorption it takes 3 to 10 hours for the contents to be passed by Peristalsis

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15
Q

Age related changes by a trophy of Cass Technical so decrease hydrochloric acid levels

A

This is called Hypochlorhydia.
A decrease absorption of iron and vitamin B 12 A. Moore bacteria. Atrophic gastritis occurs as a consequence of bacteria overgrowth.

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16
Q

Age related changes of decreasedperistalsis and the nerve impulses?

A

A decreased sensation to defecate leading to constipation

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17
Q

Age related changes of the older adult, distention and dilation of the pancreatic duct change. decrease in lipase production cause calcification.

A

A decrease in Lipase level results in decreased fat absorption and digestion steatorrhea or excess fat in the feces occurs because of decreased fat digestion

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18
Q

Age related changes in the number size of heptic cells. decreased liver weight and mass.

A

Decreased enzyme activity depresses drug metabolism which leads to accumulation of drugs possibly to toxic levels.

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19
Q

Body structures of the right upper Quadrant

A 
Most of the liver 
Gallbladder 
duodenum 
the head of the pancreas 
heptic flexure of the colon 
part of the ascending and transverse colon
20
Q

Location body structures of the left upper quadrant

A 
Left lobe of the liver 
stomach 
spleen 
body and tail of the pancreas 
splenic future of the colon 
part of the transverse and descending colon
21
Q

Midline location of the abdominal

A

Abdominal aorta
the uterus if it’s enlarged
the bladder if it’s distended

22
Q

Location of the right lower quadrant of the abdominal

RLQ

A

Cecum

appendix

right ureter

right ovary and fallopian tube

right spermatic cord

23
Q

Abdominal structure of the lower left quadrant. LLQ

A

Part of the descending colon
Sigmoid colon
left ureter left ovary fallopian tube
left spermatic cord

24
Q

How do you prepare a client for abdominal assessment?

A

First have the patient empty their bladder then ask him to lie in the supine position with the knees bent and keep the earth at the side to prevent tension of it myself.

25
Q

Sequence of abdominal assessment

A

Expections also Tatian in light palpitations. A PRN does precaution and deep palpitations.
If appendicitis or a down on aneurysm is suspected papa Tatian it’s not done

26
Q

Normal bowel sounds

A

High pitch irregular gurgles every 5 to 15 seconds or 5 to 30 per minute.

27
Q

When taking a history for a patient with G.I. problems which daily client behavior requires for the nursing assessment select all that apply

A

Take 800 mg of ibuprofen for arthritis pain

takes SeNna to assist with bowel movements

Chews tobacco

28
Q

The nurse is performing a physical assessment on a clients abdominal. the nurse inspects and find it a symmetrical with a non-pulsating mass in the right upper quadrant what is the priority

A

Auscultation for bowel sounds and bruits

29
Q

And there’s is the parent of a teaching session about early detection of colorectal of cancer which test you the nurse include

A

Colonoscopy every 10 years

Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years

Stool DNA test SDNA every 3 years

double contrast barium enema every 5 years
Take home yearly GFOBT

30
Q

Pancreatitis lab assessment

A

Decreased calcium 9.0-10.5

increased serum Amylase 30-220
increase lipase 0-160
increase cholesterol 200+
Increased carbohydrate antigen 19.9 greater than37

31
Q

Pancreatic cancer lab assessment

A

Increased CAE greater than 5

Increased carbohydrate antigen should be less than 37

32
Q

Gallbladder lab Assessment

A

Increased alkaline phosphatase
increased bilirubin
increase conjugated direct bilirubin
increase cholesterol

33
Q

EGD use for?

A

A visual exam of the esophagus stomach and duodenum

Stop G.I. bleeding

Visualize gastric lesions

treat esophageal stricture dilation

visualize and confirm celiac disease

34
Q

Explaination E.g. D procedure

A

A visual exam of the esophagus stomach and the duodenum.

A informed consent is required

A flexible fiberoptic tube is passed down the esophagus while under moderate sedation also anesthetic spray is used to stop the gas reflex atropine is used to dry secretions

35
Q

What position should the patient lying in for EGD test

A

Live with the head of the bed elevated with a fight block in your mouth it’ll take 20 to 30 minutes for the procedure

36
Q

Role of the nurse during a EGD test

A

Monitor the respirations for a rate and depth
monitor oxygen
Use pulse ox saturation may use capnography for hypoxemia

37
Q

Post test for EGD

A

Monitored vitals every 15 to 30 minutes until sedation wears off
raise the side rails
NPO until gag reflex returns
disconnect IV fluids when the patient can tolerate fluids w/o nausea vomiting
Has someone to drive them home
Do not drive for 12-18 hours
Hoarse voice or sore throat for days after
Use lozenges for throat discomfort

38
Q

Patient teaching for a EGD test/ Pre Op

A

NPO 6 to 8 hours before

take hypertension meds or Chronic med morning of test

avoid NSAIDs anticoagulants aspirin several days before the test

DM med consult the healthcare provider

Gag reflex will be depressed and swallowing will be difficult

Remove dentures

39
Q

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

ERCP test?

A

Includes a visual and radiographic examination of the liver gallbladder gold ducts and pancreas to identify the cause and location of OBSTRUCTION.

40
Q

Patient teaching for ERCP

A

Ask a patient if they have a implantable medical device such as a cardiac peacemaker defibrillators will need to be deactivated
Remove dentures
if they have an allergic to contrast medium let them know that a contract medium will be injected
the patient with the place on the left lateral position to view bile duct
Tilt table is used/ pt in prone position
examination takes 30-2 hours

41
Q

What is a colonoscopy

A

Endo scopic exam of the entire large bowel

42
Q

What is the gold standard test for detecting colon cancer?

A

Colonoscopy.

everyone should have a colonoscopy at age 50 and then every 10 years after

43
Q

Uses for colonoscopy

A

Chronic diarrhea sort of G.I. bleeding for tissue biopsy or to remove a polyp the test takes 30 to 60 minutes

44
Q

Normal to expect after colonoscopy

A

Feeling of fullness
cramping
flatus
small blood in first stool if the biopsy was done

45
Q

What is thePriority care to promote patient safety after EGD/ERCP?

A

Prevent aspiration by checking gag return
do not offer fluids or food by mouth until you are sure gag reflex is intact
monitor for signs of perforation;PAIN FEVR BLEEDING

46
Q

What severe complications to monitor for after EGD/ERCP 2 days later?

A

Severe pain

fever indicate sepsis

Monitor for gallbladder inflammation perforation sepsis and pancreatitis appear hours to two days after test

Med Surg 3 (6 decks)

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