Chapter 51 - Bowel Disorder

Question 1

Acute diarrhea

Answer 1

Sudden onset in a previously healthy person
Lasts from 3 days to 2 weeks
Self-limiting
Resolves without sequelae

Question 2

Chronic diarrhea

Answer 2

Lasts for more than 3 to 4 weeks
Associated with recurring passage of diarrheal stools, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and chronic weakness

Question 3

Causes of Diarrhea
Acute diarrhea

Answer 3

Bacteria
Viruses
Drug induced
Nutritional factors
Protozoa

Question 4

Causes of Diarrhea
Chronic diarrhea

Answer 4

Tumors
Diabetes mellitus
Addison’s disease
Hyperthyroidism
Irritable bowel syndrome
AIDS

Question 5

Antidiarrheals: Indications

Answer 5

Adsorbents: milder cases
Anticholinergics and opiates: more severe cases
Probiotics: antibiotic-induced diarrhea

Question 6

Antidiarrheals - Adverse Effects
Adsorbents

Answer 6

Increased bleeding time
Constipation, dark stools
Confusion
Tinnitus
Metallic taste
Blue tongue

Question 7

Antidiarrheals - Adverse Effects
Anticholinergic

Answer 7

Urinary retention, impotence
Headache, dizziness, confusion, anxiety, drowsiness, confusion
Dry skin, flushing
Blurred vision
Hypotension, bradycardia

Question 8

Antidiarrheals - Adverse Effects
Opiates

Answer 8

Drowsiness, dizziness, lethargy
Nausea, vomiting, constipation
Respiratory depression
Hypotension
Urinary retention
Flushing