Chapter 51- Animal Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

Proximate questions

A

How questions, genetically how the behavior got there

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2
Q

Ultimate questions

A

Why questions, evolutionary significance

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3
Q

Fixed action pattern

A

Largely invariant behavior pattern

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4
Q

Sign stimulus

A

Simple cue that triggers fixed action patterns

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5
Q

Communication

A

The transmission and reception of signals by animals

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6
Q

Four types of communication are-

A

Visual, auditory, chemical(usually pheromones), and tactile

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7
Q

Learning

A

Modification of behavior based on experience

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8
Q

Imprinting

A

Formation at a specific stage of life of long lasting behavioral responses

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9
Q

Sensitive period

A

Specific length of time where imprinting must occur or it never will

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10
Q

Spacial learning

A

Establishment of a memory of landmarks in the environment

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11
Q

Cognitive map

A

Representation in the nervous system of the spastic relationships in the environment

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12
Q

Associative learning

A

Learning where associations are made between experiences

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13
Q

Two types of associative learning-

A

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning

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14
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Stimulus becomes associated with a particular outcome

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15
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Animal learns to associate behavior with reward or punishment, then learns to either repeat or avoid that behavior

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16
Q

Cognition

A

Process of knowing that involves awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgment

17
Q

Social learning

A

Learning by watching others perform the behavior

18
Q

Optimal foraging model

A

Idea that natural selection favors foraging that minimizes cost of foraging and maximizes foraging benefits

19
Q

Pair bond systems

A

Promiscuous, monogamy, polygyny, polyandry

20
Q

Game theory

A

Way of thinking of evolution where behavioral phenotype are influenced by other behavioral phenotypes

21
Q

Altruism

A

Behavior that reduces an individual’s fitness but increases others’ within the population

22
Q

Inclusive fitness

A

Total effect an individual has on proliferating genes by producing offspring and aiding close relatives so they can produce offspring

23
Q

Behavior

A

Sum of responses to stimuli that includes muscular as well as non muscular activity