Chapter 5.1-5.2 Flashcards
What does a solution consist of?
A solute dissolved in a solvent
What is a compound?
2 or more elements forming a compound, cannot be broken down. E.g; Water
What is an element?
Anything on the periodic table E.g; Hydrogen
What are pure substances?
Elements and compounds
What is a solution?
Mixture with uniform composition. E.g; Sugar water
What is a mechanical mixture?
Different kinds of matter are visible in the mixture E.g; Zebra Cake
What are suspensions?
Solutions where solid particles do not dissolve. E.g; Orange with pulp
What are colloids?
A finely divided substance is scattered through another substance E.g; Mayo
What is a solid solution of metal called?
Alloy
What is an amalgam?
Mercury mixed with another metal
When a solid dissolves, is it a physical or chemical reaction?
Physical
What happens when a solid is dissolved? (generally)
Bonds holding the substance together break and attract tot the particles in the solvent
How does ionic dissolving work?
When an ionic crystal (NaCl, for example) dissolves in water, the positive end of an H2O molecule will attract to the negative Chloride ion and surround it, which causes it to be invisible. The negative end of an H2O molecule will then attract the positive Na ion and surround it too.
What bonds break in Ionic dissolving?
Intramolecular
How do molecular solids dissolve in water?
(Example: Sugar) The polar sucrose molecules that make up sugar will be attracted to the H2O molecules through Dipole-Dipole attraction, and the H2O molecules will surround the sucrose molecules.
What bonds are broken when molecular compounds dissolve?
Intermolecular
What are the three processes of dissolving?
- The forces between solute break (this process requires energy so it is endothermic)
- Solute bonds break (This is also an endothermic reaction)
- The solute and solvent attract to each other and form new bonds (This creates bonds and so it releases energy, making it exothermic)
How do you know a reaction will be exothermic or endothermic?
An exothermic reaction will give off heat because it produces more energy than it used when forming and breaking bonds. An endothermic reaction will take In heat because it used more energy than it gave off when breaking and forming bonds
What is an electrolyte?
A conductive solution
What is the dissociation equation of NaCl in water?
NaCl (s) -> Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
What makes molecular acids special?
Molecular Acids can hold a current in H2O because it ionizes/frees its ions
What is solubility?
The amount of solution that dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature
What is a saturated solution?
The maximum amount of solute a solvent can hold at a given temperature
What is an unsaturated solution?
A solution that has the possibility to dissolve more solute
What is a supersaturated solution?
A solution that contains more dissolved solute than its solubility at a given temperature
What is the reverse reaction of dissolving?
Crystallization
What happens in a closed system if there is extra solute in a saturated solution?
The extra solute will dissolve, and the dissolved solute will crystallize.
Gases more soluble in _________ temperatures
Cold
