Chapter 5.1-5.2

Question 1

What does a solution consist of?

Answer 1

A solute dissolved in a solvent

Question 2

What is a compound?

Answer 2

2 or more elements forming a compound, cannot be broken down. E.g; Water

Question 3

What is an element?

Answer 3

Anything on the periodic table E.g; Hydrogen

Question 4

What are pure substances?

Answer 4

Elements and compounds

Question 5

What is a solution?

Answer 5

Mixture with uniform composition. E.g; Sugar water

Question 6

What is a mechanical mixture?

Answer 6

Different kinds of matter are visible in the mixture E.g; Zebra Cake

Question 7

What are suspensions?

Answer 7

Solutions where solid particles do not dissolve. E.g; Orange with pulp

Question 8

What are colloids?

Answer 8

A finely divided substance is scattered through another substance E.g; Mayo

Question 9

What is a solid solution of metal called?

Answer 9

Alloy

Question 10

What is an amalgam?

Answer 10

Mercury mixed with another metal

Question 11

When a solid dissolves, is it a physical or chemical reaction?

Answer 11

Physical

Question 12

What happens when a solid is dissolved? (generally)

Answer 12

Bonds holding the substance together break and attract tot the particles in the solvent

Question 13

How does ionic dissolving work?

Answer 13

When an ionic crystal (NaCl, for example) dissolves in water, the positive end of an H2O molecule will attract to the negative Chloride ion and surround it, which causes it to be invisible. The negative end of an H2O molecule will then attract the positive Na ion and surround it too.

Question 14

What bonds break in Ionic dissolving?

Answer 14

Intramolecular

Question 15

How do molecular solids dissolve in water?

Answer 15

(Example: Sugar) The polar sucrose molecules that make up sugar will be attracted to the H2O molecules through Dipole-Dipole attraction, and the H2O molecules will surround the sucrose molecules.

Question 16

What bonds are broken when molecular compounds dissolve?

Answer 16

Intermolecular

Question 17

What are the three processes of dissolving?

Answer 17

1. The forces between solute break (this process requires energy so it is endothermic)
2. Solute bonds break (This is also an endothermic reaction)
3. The solute and solvent attract to each other and form new bonds (This creates bonds and so it releases energy, making it exothermic)

Question 18

How do you know a reaction will be exothermic or endothermic?

Answer 18

An exothermic reaction will give off heat because it produces more energy than it used when forming and breaking bonds. An endothermic reaction will take In heat because it used more energy than it gave off when breaking and forming bonds

Question 19

What is an electrolyte?

Answer 19

A conductive solution

Question 20

What is the dissociation equation of NaCl in water?

Answer 20

NaCl (s) -> Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

Question 21

What makes molecular acids special?

Answer 21

Molecular Acids can hold a current in H2O because it ionizes/frees its ions

Question 22

What is solubility?

Answer 22

The amount of solution that dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature

Question 23

What is a saturated solution?

Answer 23

The maximum amount of solute a solvent can hold at a given temperature

Question 24

What is an unsaturated solution?

Answer 24

A solution that has the possibility to dissolve more solute

Question 25

What is a supersaturated solution?

Answer 25

A solution that contains more dissolved solute than its solubility at a given temperature

Question 26

What is the reverse reaction of dissolving?

Answer 26

Crystallization

Question 27

What happens in a closed system if there is extra solute in a saturated solution?

Answer 27

The extra solute will dissolve, and the dissolved solute will crystallize.

Question 28

Gases more soluble in _________ temperatures

Answer 28

Cold