Chapter 51 Flashcards

0
Q

Ultimate Causation

A

Concerns the benefit to survival and reproduction and the evolutionary basis of the behavior; the why

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1
Q

Proximate Causation

A

The immediate cause of a behavior in terms of the stimuli that trigger it; the how

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2
Q

Behavioral Ecology

A

The study of the ecological and evolutionary basis of animal behavior

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3
Q

Fixed Action Plan (FAP)

A

Sequence of unlearned behaviors that, once begun must be carried to completion

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4
Q

Sign Stimulus

A

A simple external stimulus

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5
Q

Migration

A

An annual long distance change in location

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6
Q

Circadian Clock

A

The biological clock internal to every animal

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7
Q

Circannual rhythms

A

Rhythms that are linked to the yearly cycle of seasons and influenced by the changing amounts of daylight and darkness

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8
Q

Communication

A

Transmission and reception of signals between animals

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9
Q

Stimulus Response Chain

A

Involved in courtship; the response is the stimulus for the next response

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10
Q

Visual, Auditory, Chemical, and Tactile

A

Communication methods

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11
Q

Pheromones

A

Chemical signals commonly used by animals in reproductive behavior to attract mates and trigger specific behaviors

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12
Q

Innate Behavior

A

Behavior performed by virtually every member of a population

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13
Q

Cross-fostering Study

A

One species young raised by another species adult

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14
Q

Learning

A

Behavior modification due to experiences

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15
Q

Imprinting

A

Characterized by the sensitive period, where learning is very long lasting

16
Q

Spatial learning

A

Memory of the environment

17
Q

Associative learning

A

Stimuli are associated with each other

18
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Arbitrary stimulus is associated with a particular outcome

19
Q

Operant condition

A

Trial and error; action is associated with reward or punishment

20
Q

Cognition

A

Ability to learn with thinking, reasoning, recollection, and judgement

21
Q

Problem-solving

A

Ability to achieve an end in the face of obstacles

22
Q

Social learning

A

Learning from others actions

23
Q

Foraging

A

Behavior involved with searching for, recognizing, obtaining, and consuming food

24
Optimal foraging model
Feeding behaviors optimize between energy intake, risk of predation, and energy expenditure
25
Promiscuous
No strong pair forms when mating
26
Monogamous
One to one mating
27
Polygamous
One of one sex, many of the other (usually one male)
28
Intrasexual
Competition among one sex for mates
29
Intersexual
Mates are chosen by one sex based upon characteristics
30
Mate choice copying
Mate selection is mimicked among a population
31
Agonistic behavior
Involves contest to see who gets access to a particular resource
32
Altruism
Selflessness; reduces own fitness for others
33
Inclusive fitness
Passing on own genes and helping other relatives do so
34
Kin selection
Natural selection that favors behavior that enhances the reproductive advantage of related individuals
35
Reciprocal altruism
No immediate benefit to the individual, but the benefited animal may "return the favor" in the future