chapter 5.1 Flashcards
lesson 1
What is the basic structure of an atom?
An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in orbitals.
True or False: Electrons have a positive charge.
False: Electrons have a negative charge.
Fill in the blank: The number of protons in an atom determines its _____ in the periodic table.
atomic number
What particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons.
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the first energy level?
2 electrons.
What are valence electrons?
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding.
Which element has the atomic number 6?
Carbon.
True or False: The periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic mass.
False: The periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic number.
What is the electron configuration for oxygen?
1s² 2s² 2p⁴.
Which group of the periodic table contains the noble gases?
Group 18.
Multiple choice: Which of the following atoms has the highest electronegativity? A) Fluorine B) Oxygen C) Nitrogen D) Carbon
A) Fluorine.
What is the significance of the periodic table’s groups?
Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties and the same number of valence electrons.
Fill in the blank: Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called _____
isotopes.
What is the principle behind the Aufbau principle in electron configuration?
Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals first before moving to higher energy levels.
True or False: All atoms of the same element have the same number of neutrons.
False: Isotopes of an element can have different numbers of neutrons.
What is the electron configuration for sodium (Na)?
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹.
What determines the chemical reactivity of an element?
The number of valence electrons.
Multiple choice: Which type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs? A) Ionic B) Covalent C) Metallic D) Hydrogen
B) Covalent.
What is the term for the energy required to remove an electron from an atom?
Ionization energy.
Fill in the blank: The _____ of an atom is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons.
mass number.
