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Unit 9: Elimination and Dx Tests > Chapter 51 > Flashcards

Chapter 51 Flashcards

1
Q

Why might a stone be analyzed in a laboratory

A

Determine chemical makeup
p.736

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2
Q

Inspect _ with a tongue blade for presence of _ by pressing them against gauze when using a strainer made of wire?

A
  1. Blood clots 2. Stones
    p. 736. 51-1 box
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3
Q

The color, that bile is missing, often a sign of gallbladder disease in the colon?

A

Gray or Clay colored stool
p. 737

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4
Q

Consist of end products of metabolism and digestion of foods?

A

Solid waste products of digestion
p. 737

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5
Q

Daily _ includes noting characteristics of clients stool and changes or difficulties that the client reports?

A

Data gathering
p. 733

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6
Q

Gastrointestinal disorders may occur because of changes in _?

A

Bowel elimination
p. 736

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7
Q

Identification of _ is necessary to determine correct treatment and prevent future stone formation?

A

Stone composition
p. 736. 51-1 box

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8
Q

What would need to be treated in order to determine how to handle calculi?

A

Bleeding
p. 736 51-1box

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9
Q

What three things will you need to report when finding a stone?

A

Size,number,and appearance

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10
Q

If a patient has a obstruction in the urinary tract this interferes with complete bladder emptying, the client might experience _ when voiding?

A

Dribbling of urine/ due to retention over flow

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11
Q

Abnormal urine and feces may indicate?

A

Bodily dysfunction (illness)

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12
Q

Urine is excreted from the?

A

Kidneys into the bladder and out the urethra

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13
Q

How much urine every 24/hrs does an adult excrete?

A

500- 2400mL
(1 mL of urine per kilogram of body weight per 1 hour)

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14
Q

Urine and feces are the waste products of ?

A

Urinary and digestive systems

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15
Q

Bacteria, blood, mucous shreds, or pus can cause urine to be?

A

Cloudy

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16
Q

Dehydration results in urine that is?

A

Dark amber/ orange- brown

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17
Q

Excretion of feces?

A

Defecation

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18
Q

Abnormal components in urine suggest?

A

Dysfunction or disease

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19
Q

When the body freely perspires due to hot weather, exercise, or fever the urine volume _?

A

Decreases

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20
Q

Most body fluids are slightly?

A

Alkaline

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21
Q

Relates to a persons size, bladder condition, hydration level, and other fluid gains or loses?

A

Total output

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22
Q

Normal urine has a _ of 1.010 - 1.025?

A

Specific gravity

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23
Q

Specific gravity of pure water is?

A

1.000

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24
Q

The adult voids _ to _ at a time?

A

250mL to 400mL

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25
Q

A strong offensive odor after a fresh void could suggest an abnormality such as?

A

(UTI) urinary tract infection

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26
Q

Deficiency in body fluids leads to?

A

Dehydration

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27
Q

When a stone becomes lodged in a ureter the client experiences penetrating pain that is severe in the _ and also called _?

A
  1. Lower back 2. Renal colic
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28
Q

Water and juices are best. Why should caffeinated drinks be avoided with a (UTI) urinary tract infection?

A

Irritates the bladder

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29
Q

Report any symptoms of cloudy urine encourage the client to drink. How much fluids each day?

A

2-3L

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30
Q

What expands the bladder until urine flows out due to increased pressure?

A

Retention overflow

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31
Q

Complaint of urgency, frequency, dysuria, chills, abdominal discomfort, and flank pain is signs of?

A

(UTI) urinary tract infection

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32
Q

This typically follows after abdominal surgery, anesthesia, or short period after removal of an indwelling catheter?

A

Temporary urine retention

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33
Q

(UTI) urinary tract infections are more common in women than men because the female urethra is _ and _ than a man’s?

A
  1. Shorter 2. Straighter
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34
Q

Urine is observed for?

A

Color, clarity, odor, and volume

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35
Q

Urine output is influenced by what normal processes?

A

Respiration
Perspiration
Salt intake
Fluid contained in feces
Vomiting
Bleeding

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36
Q

What type of urine has a strong odor?

A

Concentrated urine

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37
Q

What conditions may be caused due to obstruction in the urinary tract?

A
  1. Kidney stones
  2. Cancer
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38
Q

If ordered what is measured and documented every shift?

A

(I&O) Intake and Output

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39
Q

Kidney stones and cancer may be a result of _ in men?

A

Enlarged prostate gland

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40
Q

A _ may exist in the urinary tract impeding the flow of _ as it exits the _?

A
  1. Obstruction
  2. Urine
  3. Urinary bladder
41
Q

A disease or disorder that contributes to retention?

A
  1. Diabetes
  2. Parkinson’s disease
  3. (UTI) urinary tract infection
42
Q

A common cause of retention is _? What does it affect on the body?

A
  1. Trauma
  2. Spinal cord
43
Q

Urine _ and emits a strong _ like odor when exposed to air for a time?

A
  1. Decomposes
  2. Ammonia
44
Q

A pH below 7 is?

A

Acidic

45
Q

What is an excess of bodily fluid collected in the tissues?

A

Edema

46
Q

The urge to void is triggered when _ has collected in the bladder?

A

250mL of urine

47
Q

The adult bladder can hold approximately _ when moderately full?

A

400mL - 500mL of urine

48
Q

Fluid output should usually be equal to _?

A

Fluid intake

49
Q

To maintain fluid balance each adult needs _ glasses of liquid daily?

A

6 to 8 glasses of 8oz.

50
Q

Dilute urine is?

A

Nearly colorless

51
Q

A pH of 7 is ?

A

Neutral

52
Q

A pH above 7 is?

A

Alkaline

53
Q

The desire or sensation of needing to void immediately?

A

Urgency

54
Q

Painful or burning sensation when passing urine?

A

Dysuria

55
Q

Involuntary voiding in bed ( bed wetting)?

A

Enuresis

56
Q

Involuntary loss or inability to hold urine?

A

Incontinence

57
Q

Freshly voided urine has a characteristic odor called _?

A

Aromatic

58
Q

Passing urine from the body is called?

A

Urination
Micturition
Voiding

59
Q

What is the body’s solid waste product?

A

Stool/ bowel movement

60
Q

An increase in the expected amount of urine a person excretes over a period of time?

A

Polyuria

61
Q

If the body retains water because of impaired circulation or kidney function it?

A

Forms and excretes less urine

62
Q

What disorders cause urine to excrete more?

A

Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes insipidus

63
Q

Normal urine is slightly acidic having a pH of?

A

4.5 - 6.5

64
Q

What color is freshly voided urine?

A

Yellow or amber

65
Q

The acidic condition of urine helps to control?

A

Bacterial growth

66
Q

What can quickly measure pH, specific gravity, glucose, and ketones, presence of WBCs, blood, nitrites, protein, and urobilinogen?

A

Urine dip stick

67
Q

Voiding more often than usual without increase or decrease in urine volume?

A

Urinary frequency

68
Q

Frequent or repeated voiding during the night?

A

Nocturia

69
Q

Decrease in urine a person secretes and excretes?

A

Oliguria

70
Q

Absence of urine secreted by the kidneys?

A

Anuria

71
Q

Inability to empty the bladder fully?

A

Urinary retention

72
Q

The stopping or inhibition of urination?

A

Urinary suppression

73
Q

Urine formed by the kidneys consists of?

A
  1. Excess water
  2. Carbon dioxide
  3. (Small) solid waste
  4. Abnormal substances filtered out of the blood
74
Q

Due to the presence of bile normally feces are _ in color?

A

Yellowish brown

75
Q

A change in color suggests a change in _ or _?

A
  1. (GI)gastrointestinal functioning
  2. Stool contents
76
Q

Dark, black, or tarry stool’s usually indicate the presence of partially _ in the colon?

A

Digested blood

77
Q

Indicating hemorrhage high in the GI tract or swallowed blood from a mouth, nose, or throat injury or disorder?

A

Melena

78
Q

Bright red blood in or streaked on the outside of stool indicates _ or _ often from _?

A
  1. Rectal bleeding
  2. Anal bleeding
  3. Hemorrhoids
79
Q

_ or _ stools indicate the abnormal presence of microorganisms, suggesting infection?

A

Yellow or Greenish

80
Q

Normal stools are _ and _?

A

Soft and formed

81
Q

_ is a result of hard, dry stools when the rectum has not been emptied as needed or excess liquid has been absorbed by the body?

A

Constipation

82
Q

This may occur if a person routinely ignores the impulse to empty the rectum?

A

Chronic constipation

83
Q

Constipation also results if the person has not taken enough fluids or has not had sufficient exercise to stimulate _?

A

Peristalsis

84
Q

Morphine, narcotics, drugs to lower bladder motility or after surgery of immobility, anesthesia,surgical trauma, and drying agents, atropine may cause?

A

Constipation

85
Q

The expulsion of loose watery unformed stools frequently also known as explosive?

A

Diarrhea

86
Q

Continuing diarrhea suggests _, _, _, or a _?

A

1.chronic colon irritation
2. Intestinal infection
3. food poisoning
4. Parasitic infection

87
Q

Diarrhea can also be a sign of?

A

Fecal impaction

88
Q

Stools have the same shape as the bowels interior which is _, _, or _?

A
  1. Round
  2. Oval
  3. Cylindrical
89
Q

Long, thin, pencillike stools suggest a narrowing of the rectum or anal opening which could be caused by a _, or _?

A

Mass or tumor

90
Q

Stool that assumes the same irregular shape suggest a _ in the rectum or anus?

A

Abnormal growth

91
Q

The gaseous discharge that occurs with or without a bowel movement can have a very strong odor?

A

Flatus

92
Q

Floating stools are less dense and suggest what in the stool?

A

Undigested fats

93
Q

Is the term used to identify stools with a high fat content?

A

Steatorrhea

94
Q

If a stool _ may be an indication of gallbladder disease or cystic fibrosis?

A

Floats

95
Q

The presence of _ or _ in stools might be signs of inflammation or infection in the GI system?

A

Pus or mucus

96
Q

Food products and medication tablets that goes undigested may be due to?

A

GI malfunction

97
Q

Hard and dry or putty like stool that after laxatives and enemas a client still cannot defecate is called?

A

Fecal impaction

98
Q

Result of chronic bowel problems?

A

Immobility, paralysis, or dehydration

Unit 9: Elimination and Dx Tests (5 decks)

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