Chapter 50 Flashcards
The rule of nines is used to estimate burn percentage.
What are the percentage for the following?
AP head AP chest AP arms Perineum AP LEG
Remember this is for one side. It is anterior and posterior. Respectively
Ap head- 4.5% Ap arms- 4.5% Chest----18% Perineum 1% Ap legs-- 9%
Describe the following thickness burn.
Injury only occurs to the epidermis, blood supply intact, pink or red colored, no blisters, skin blanches, painful tingly sensation, discomfort last 48 hours, healing in about 3 to 6
Superficial thickness burn
Describe the following thickness burn.
Injury to the deeper dermis blood supply is affected large blisters come about edema is present models pink to red color to 21 days no scaring graft maybe use
Superficial partial thickness burn
Identify the following thickness burn.
Expense deeper into the skin dermis blisters are are not form because there’s too much dead tissue. Wound areas are red and white. No blanching and edema is moderatecan convert to court thickness burn if there’s infection hypoxia or ischemia.
Deep partial thickness burn
Identify the following thickness burn.
Injury and destruction of the epidermis and dermis, wound will not heal with reepethelialization grafting is necessary. Skin is hard and dry a lot of eschar.appears waxy deep red yellow or brown or black. Wound contraction may occur this happens as the scarring heels and contracts everything else or shortens it.
Full thickness burn
What percentage does major burns for adults and for children?
Adults 25% and children 10%
Identify the following thickness burn.
Injury extends to underlying tissues muscle bone and tendons are damaged appears black and there’s no sensation, eschar tissue is hard and inelastic, no pain on nerve endings because have been destroyed healing will take months graphs are required.
Deep full thickness burns
Burns of the head neck and chest are associated with what type of complications
Pulmonary
What burns are associated with corneal abrasion’s?
Face it affects the eyes
_________________ Burns are associated with our auricular chondritis. Which is the inflammation of the cartilage of the auricular portion of the ear.
Ear burns
Burns in the _____________ area can cause autocontamination by urine and feces
Perineal
__________________ Burns of the extremities can produce a tourniquet like effect and lead to vascular compromise it is called compartment syndrome.
Circumferential burns
_______________ __________ Burns can lead to inadequate chest expansion and pulmonary insufficiency.
Circumferential thorax
This compound reversibly binds to hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin. And tissue hypoxia occurs in other words oxygen is prevented from entering organs and other tissues.
Carbon monoxide
Internation of steam or aspiration of extremely hot liquids, which causes injury to the upper airways due to mucosal edema that can lead to upper airway obstruction especially during the first 24 to 48 hours. What is this called?
Direct thermal heat injury
What are the normal levels of carbon monoxide in the blood?
1- 10%
What type of carbon monoxide poisoning is a patient experiencing if the symptoms are headache flushing decreased visual acuity and decreased cerebral function SOB?
Mild poisoning 11-20% carbon monoxide in the blood
What type of carbon monoxide poisoning is a patient experiencing if they have headache nausea and vomiting drowsiness. Tinnitus (ringing of the ears) vertigo confusion pale reddish purple skin decreased blood pressure increase and irregular heart rate.
Moderate poisoning of carbon monoxide 21 to 40%
What what type of poisoning of carbon monoxide is when a patient has seizures and is in a coma
Severe poisoning 41 to 60% carbon monoxide in the blood
How much carbon monoxide in the blood is needed to cause death
61 to 80% fatal poisoning carbon monoxide in the blood
Which patients should be monitored closely for development of airway obstruction and considered immediately for endotracheal intubation if obstruction occurs.
Face and neck burn victims
Why does an extensive burn victim have decreased circulating intravascular blood volume
Due to edema
In a burn victim what will happen to the fluid and tissue perfusion?
There will be a lot of fluid loss and tissue perfusion will decrease
What will happen to a burn victim’s heart rate cardiac output and blood pressure
The heart rate will increase cardiac output will decrease in blood pressure will drop