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Environmental Health > Chapter 5 - Zoonotic and Vectorborne > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Zoonotic and Vectorborne Flashcards

1
Q

Vector borne diseases

A

Malaria

Leishmaniasis

Plague

Lyme disease

Rocky mountain spotted fever

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2
Q

Leishmaniasis affects:

A

Residents of Middle Eastern countries

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3
Q

Plague

A

Remains a serious threat to the world’s populations

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4
Q

Malaria

A

An endemic to warmer countries

Annual death toll is more than 1 mil with 300-500 mil cases occurring each year

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5
Q

Ronald Ross

A

An Indian medical service officer discovered the malaria parasite in 1897 when he dissected mosquitoes

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6
Q

Four human forms of malaria

A

P. falciparum (most deadly type), P. vivax, P ovale, and P. malariae

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7
Q

Principal vector for malaria

A

Anopheles

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8
Q

How long does it take for Malaria symptoms to develop?

A

9-14 days after the bite of an infected mosquito

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9
Q

WHO submitted a plan to the World Health Assembly in 1955

A

for a global eradication of malaria involving spraying, drug treatment, and surveillance

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10
Q

Countries that had limited success for malaria eradication

A

Indonesia, Arghanistant, Haiti, and Nicaragua

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11
Q

3 forms of Leishmaniasis

A

Visceral, muco-cutaneous, and cutaneous

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12
Q

Reservoir of Leishmaniasis

A

Rodents, human beings, and carnivores (dosmetic dogs)

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13
Q

Rift Valley Fever

A

Cause an outbreak in Kenya in 1950-1951 that caused the death of approximately 100,000 sheep

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14
Q

3 forms of anthrax

A

Cutaneous, inhalational, gastrointestinal

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15
Q

Influenza A

A

wild and aquatic birds are the main natural reservoir

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16
Q

influence B

A

Confined to humans

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17
Q

Influenza C

A

Not responsible for widespread endemics

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18
Q

CERLA

A

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act

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19
Q

Heavy metals in the CERCLA list

A

Arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, Chromium, and phosphorus

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20
Q

Major toxic metals with multiple effects

A

Arsenic, lead and mercury

Cadmium, beryllium, chromium, nickel

21
Q

Heavy metals

A

Are with high atomic weigh with a specific gravity that exceeds the specific gravity of water by 5 or more times

22
Q

Essential metals with potential toxicity

A

Iron, copper, manganese, and zinc

Cobalt, magnesium

23
Q

Essentials metals with concentrations greater than trace amounts

A

Have the potential for toxicity

24
Q

Metals used in medical therapy

A

Aluminum and lithium

25
Q

Minor toxic metals

A

Silver and uranium

26
Q

Health effects of exposure to heavy metal (_____) are different for women than they are for men

A

Nickel, cadmium, lead, and mercury

27
Q

Arsenic

A

causes melanosis

and is carcinogen:
Skin cancer when ingested and lung cancer when inhaled

28
Q

Cadmium

A

Bioaccumulate in shellfish and is found in some species of mushrooms

May be ingested from vegetables that are grown in cadmium-containing soil

29
Q

Modes of entry of cadmium

A

Inhalation and gastrointestinal tract

30
Q

Chromium

A

Human carcinogen

Erin Brockovich called attention to the potential hazards associated with groundwater pollution from chromium

31
Q

Mercury

A

Naturally occurring metal that is highly toxic

Can be magnified as a result of methylation and bioaccumulation

32
Q

Malaria

A

Mosquito borne w/ Plasmodium

33
Q

Leishmaniasis

A

Sand fly w/ Promastigotes and amastigotes

34
Q

Plague

A

Bites of fleas harbored by rodens w/ Yersinia

35
Q

Lyme disease

A

Tick borne w/ Borrelia burgodoferi

36
Q

RMSF (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever)

A

Rickettsial w/ Rickettsia rickettsii

37
Q

VHFS

A

Rodens and arthropods w/ Scandinavian

38
Q

Arboviral disease

A

Arthropod borne

39
Q

West Nile virus

A

Mosquito - borne w/ Culex mosquitoes

40
Q

Hantavirus

A

Deer mouse w/ Hantavirus

41
Q

Dengue

A

Aedes mosquitoes w/ dengue virus

42
Q

Ebola

A

Wild animals like fruit bats/ ebola virus

43
Q

Rift Valley Fever

A

Mosquito borne w/ Phlebovirus

44
Q

Monkeypox

A

Monkey w/ Orthopoxvirus

45
Q

Tularemia

A

Arthropod or infected animal carcasses w/ Francisella tularensis

46
Q

Rabies

A

Mammals w/ cats, dogs, wild animals, mammals

47
Q

Anthrax

A

Domestic Animal w/ Bacillus anthracis

48
Q

Psittacosis

A

Dried bird droppings w/ Chlamydia psittaci

49
Q

Influence

A

Birds and swine w/ Chlamydia psittaci

Environmental Health (2 decks)

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